Indlela Yokunakekela Izimila Amasiko Ezicubu

Isingeniso:

Izitshalo ze-tissue culture, ezaziwa nangokuthi izitshalo ze-in-vitro, zithole ukuduma phakathi kwabathandi bezingadi ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo eziningi. Lezi zitshalo zitshalwa ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, ezihlinzeka ngenkundla ekahle yokukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yezitshalo ze-tissue culture, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukunakekelwa okufanele nokugcinwa ezikudingayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezibalulekile zokunakekela izitshalo ze-tissue culture, okuhlanganisa ukusakazeka kwazo, ukufinyeleleka, ukuchelela, ukukhanyisa, nokuvundiswa. Ngokulandela lezi ziqondiso, ungajabulela izitshalo zesiko lezicubu ezinempilo nezinempilo ezizothuthukisa ubuhle bengadi yakho yasendlini noma yangaphandle.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezitshalo ze-Tissue Culture:

Ukusabalalisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo zesiko lezicubu, njengoba kuvumela ukuphindaphindeka nokwanda kwazo. Izitshalo ze-tissue culture zingasakazwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokuhlukanisa, ukusikwa, kanye ne-micropropagation.

Ukuhlukaniswa kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukusabalalisa izitshalo zesiko lezicubu. Kuhilela ukuhlukanisa isitshalo sibe izingxenye ezincane, ngasinye siqukethe izimpande kanye nengxenye eyanele yesitshalo. Ukuze uhlukanise ngempumelelo izitshalo zamasiko ezicubu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amathuluzi abukhali futhi oyinyumba ukugwema ingozi yokutheleleka noma ukulimala. Khipha ngokucophelela isitshalo esitsheni saso futhi uhlukanise ngokucophelela izingxenye ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye inezimpande namahlamvu amaningi. Uma sezihlukanisiwe, tshala izigaba ezitsheni ngazinye ezinenhlabathi yobumba entsha futhi uzinikeze ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kanye nezimo zokukhula.

Enye indlela yokusabalalisa i-cuttings. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusika ingxenye yesitshalo, ngokuvamile ngommese oyinyumba noma isikelo, bese usibeka endaweni efanelekile yokufaka izimpande. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusika kunenodi eyodwa yeqabunga lapho kuzovela khona izimpande ezintsha. Faka inkungu njalo ukuze ugcine indawo enomswakama, okuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezimpande. Uma ukusika sekunezimpande, kungafakwa ebhodweni elihlukile futhi kunakekelwe njengesitshalo esivuthiwe.

I-Micropropagation iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa izitshalo zesiko lezicubu ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri eziyinyumba. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile kanye nemidiya ukuze kube lula ukuphindaphindeka ngokushesha kwezitshalo. Kuyindlela ethuthukisiwe edinga ubungcweti nokunemba. I-Micropropagation ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kwezitshalo zesiko lezicubu ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo ekukhiqizeni izitshalo eziningi ezinezici ezifiselekayo.

Ukutholwa Kwezitshalo Ze-Tissue Culture:

Ngemuva kokusabalalisa, izitshalo ze-tissue culture zidinga ukujwayela indawo yazo entsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusungulwa kwazo ngempumelelo nokukhula. I-Acclimation ihilela ukuveza kancane kancane izitshalo ezimweni zangaphandle, njengezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokukhanya, okufana nendawo ezikhulayo ezihlosiwe.

Lapho ujwayela izitshalo zamasiko ezicubu, kubalulekile ukuqala ngendawo elawulwayo nevikelekile, njenge-greenhouse noma indawo yasendlini. Lokhu kunikeza ukuvikeleka ezimeni zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu futhi kuvumela ukugadwa okulula nokulungiswa kwezimo zemvelo. Kancane kancane yethula izitshalo emazingeni anda okukhanya, izinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama esikhathini esingamaviki ambalwa. Lokhu kushintsha kancane kancane kuvimbela ukushaqeka futhi kuvumela izitshalo ukuthi zijwayelane futhi zithuthukise izimpande namahlamvu aqinile.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina, kubalulekile ukuqapha izitshalo eduze kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokucindezeleka noma izifo. Lungisa izimo zemvelo ngendlela efanele ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula okuhle. Nikeza umoya owanele ukuze uvimbele umswakama owedlulele, okungaholela ezifweni zefungal. Ukwengeza, qiniseka ukuthi izitshalo zithola amanzi anele nemisoco ukuze zisekele ukukhula kwazo phakathi nalesi sikhathi esibucayi.

Ukunisela Izitshalo Zamasiko Ezicubu:

Ukunisela ngendlela efanele kubalulekile empilweni kanye nobungqabavu bezitshalo zesiko lezicubu. Nokho, kubalulekile ukulinganisa phakathi kokunikeza umswakama owanele nokugwema ukuchelela ngokweqile, okungaholela ekuboleni kwezimpande nezinye izinkinga.

Izidingo zokunisela zezitshalo ze-tissue culture ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwesitshalo, isigaba sokukhula, kanye nezimo zemvelo. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, kungcono ukuvumela ungqimba lomhlabathi olungaphezulu ukuthi lome ngaphambi kokunisela futhi. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela izimo zokugcwala kwamanzi futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezimpande eziqinile.

Lapho unisela izitshalo zesiko lezicubu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanzi okushisa kwegumbi ukuze ugweme ukushaqisa izitshalo. Gwema ukusebenzisa amanzi aqukethe i-chlorine noma amanye amakhemikhali, ngoba angaba yingozi ezitshalweni. Uma kusetshenziswa amanzi kampompi, yivumele ukuthi ihlale ubusuku bonke ukuze uvumele noma iyiphi i-chlorine ukuthi ichithe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchelela kahle, nisela izitshalo kuze kube yilapho amanzi ephuma ngaphansi kwesitsha, uqinisekisa ukuthi lonke uhlelo lwempande luthola umswakama.

Izidingo zokukhanyisa ezitshalweni ze-Tissue Culture:

Ukukhanyisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo ezithinta izicubu. Njengoba lezi zitshalo ngokuvamile zitshalwa ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, ukunikeza ukukhanya okwanele nokufanelekile kubalulekile ku-photosynthesis yazo kanye nempilo yonke.

Izitshalo eziningi ze-tissue culture zidinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okungaqondile ukuze zikhule. Nokho, izidingo ezithile zokukhanyisa zingahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezitshalo. Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo ngezidingo zokukhanyisa zezitshalo ezithile ozitshalayo ukuze uqinisekise izimo ezifanele.

Ukukhanya kwemvelo kuwumthombo okahle wokukhanyisa izitshalo zesiko lezicubu. Ifasitela elibheke eningizimu ngokuvamile liyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu, njengoba linikeza inani elihle lokukhanya kwelanga usuku lonke. Nokho, uma ukukhanya kwemvelo kulinganiselwe noma kunganele, imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa ingasetshenziswa. Amalambu okukhulisa ama-LED noma amalambu e-fluorescent anganikeza ngempumelelo i-spectrum yokukhanya edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Beka izibani ebangeni elifanele ukusuka ezitshalweni ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zithola amandla adingekayo kanye nobude besikhathi sokukhanya.

Ukuvundiswa Kwezitshalo Ze-Tissue Culture:

Ukuvundisa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ekukhuleni okunempilo nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo zamasiko ezicubu. Nakuba zikhuliswe endaweni elawulwayo enemithombo yezindaba ezinomsoco, kusadingeka ukunikeza imisoco eyengeziwe ukuze kusekelwe ukukhula kwazo.

Izitshalo ze-tissue culture kufanele zivundiswe njalo, kodwa ngokulinganisela, ukuvimbela ukungalingani kwezakhi noma ukushiswa kwezimpande. Sebenzisa umanyolo olinganiselayo onamanani alinganayo e-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium (N-P-K). Nciphisa umanyolo ngokwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi bese uwufaka emhlabathini ozungeze izitshalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungasebenzisa umanyolo okhishwa kancane, okhulula kancane kancane umsoco esikhathini eside.

Ngaphezu kwama-macronutrients (N-P-K), izitshalo ze-tissue culture nazo ziyazuza kuma-micronutrients, njenge-iron, manganese, ne-calcium. Lezi zakhi ezibalulekile zivame ukufakwa kumanyolo othengiswayo. Kodwa-ke, uma izitshalo zakho zibonisa izimpawu zokushoda kwezakhi, njengamaqabunga aphuzi noma ukukhula okuqinile, cabanga ukusebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile we-micronutrient noma isifutho se-foliar. Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela imiyalelo enikezwa umenzi lapho ufaka umanyolo.

Isiphetho:

Ukunakekela izitshalo zokukhuliswa kwezicubu kudinga ukunakwa kwemininingwane kanye nokuhambisana nemihlahlandlela ethile. Ngokuqonda izindlela zokusabalalisa, inqubo yokulinganisa, izinqubo zokunisela, izidingo zokukhanyisa, nezindlela zokuvundisa, ungaqinisekisa impilo kanye nobungqabavu bezitshalo zakho zesiko lezicubu. Khumbula ukuqapha izitshalo njalo ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokucindezeleka noma izifo futhi wenze izinguquko njengoba kudingeka. Ngokunakekela nokunakekelwa okufanele, izitshalo zesiko lezicubu zingakhula futhi zilethe ubuhle ezindaweni zakho zokuhlala.