Izifo Ezivamile Ezitshalweni Ezihlanganisiwe Nendlela Yokuzivimbela

Ithreyi yezitshalo ezihlanganisiwe ingabukeka kahle ekuseni. Konke kuluhlaza, kusha, futhi kukhula ngokulinganayo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izindawo ezincane ziqala ukufa, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi ukukhula kuyayeka ngokungazelelwe. Kuvame ukumangaza, kodwa akuvamile.

Iningi lalezi zinkinga liqala buthule, esigabeni sokufakwa kwepayipi. Ithonsi elilodwa lamanzi, ukuntuleka komoya okwesikhashana noma ithileyi elimanzi elishiywe isikhathi eside kakhulu kungabangela izinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi izitshalo zepayipi zitshalwe ndawonye kakhulu, le nkinga ayihlali incane isikhathi eside. Ihamba ngokushesha ithileyi ngethileyi.

Yilapho ulwazi lwezifo ezivamile ezitshalweni ezihlanganisiwe luba khona olubalulekile. Lezi zinkinga zokuqala akuzona nje izinkinga zezitshalo. Lezi zithinta ngqo izinga lokusinda, impumelelo yokufakelwa izitshalo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ekukhiqizeni amapulagi, amaphutha amancane awahlali emancane. Akhula ngokushesha. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini engase ihambe kabi nokuthi iqala kanjani, uma ufuna ukugwema amathileyi abuthakathaka nezitshalo ezincane ezinhle ezifanayo.

Kungani Izitshalo Ezincane Zizwela Kangaka Ekukhuleni Kwasekuqaleni?

Izitshalo ezifakwe amapulangwe zisesigabeni sazo esisengozini kakhulu. Izimpande zimfushane. Iziqu zithambile. Akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokuzivikela ezisebenzayo.

Manje zibeke ethreyini eliqinile, eliqinile lapho zingamanzi khona futhi ziniselwe njalo. Ziphenduka indawo ekahle yokuzalela izifo.

Ingozi ivame ukuchazwa yizici ezintathu:

I-Media igcina umswakama isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwamathileyi, akukho ukuhamba komoya okuningi. Izimpande ezincane azikakwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka.

Yingakho izifo ezivame kakhulu zezitshalo ezifakwe amapulangwe zihlotshaniswa nokulinganisela kwamanzi kanye nendawo ezungezile, hhayi nje amagciwane. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi wokuthi izitshalo ezifakwe amapulangwe zikhula kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezidingayo ukuze zichume, umhlahlandlela wethu ku- indlela yokutshala nokukhulisa izitshalo ze-plug ihlanganisa izisekelo ngokuningiliziwe.

Izifo Ezivame Kakhulu Zezitshalo Ezihlanganisiwe

Uma ubheka ngaphandle, kungase kubonakale sengathi ukukhiqiza amapulagi kulula, kodwa endlini yokugcina izithombo, kungaba yisimo esishintshashintshayo kakhulu. Inkinga eyodwa ngamanzi, ukuhamba komoya noma ukuhlanzeka ingakhula ibe yinkinga yesifo ethreyini lonke.

Ngokuqonda izifo ezivame kakhulu zezitshalo ezifakwe ama-plug, abalimi bangakwazi kangcono ukubona lesi sifo kusenesikhathi, baphendule ngokushesha futhi bagweme ukulahlekelwa njengoba lesi sifo sithuthela kwamanye amathreyi anempilo.

1. Ukususa i-Damping

Ukubola kwesitshalo kuhlasela izithombo ezincane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngokushesha ngemva kokuhluma noma ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula. Isiqu siba buthaka phansi bese isitshalo siwa ngokuzumayo.

Kungenye yezinkinga ezihamba ngokushesha kakhulu kuma-plug tray. Lesi sifo sivela lapho amagciwane e-fungus echuma ezindaweni ezimanzi nezibuthakathaka.

Izizathu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukunisela ngokweqile okugcina umswakama njalo emithonjeni yezindaba
• Indawo yokukhulisa ebandayo nemanzi.
• Ukugeleza kwamanzi okungekuhle ngaphakathi kwama-plug cell.
• Umoya awuhambi kahle eduze kwamathileyi.
• Amathileyi angcolile/ingxube yenhlabathi engcolile ephinde yasetshenziswa.

Indlela Yokulawula

Icebo liwukunikeza indawo emanzi, kodwa kungabi manzi kakhulu. Vumela i-plug media yome phakathi kokunisela. Ungayigcini imanzi njalo.

Isikhala noma amafeni angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba komoya ukuvimbela ukubhajwa komswakama. Ungasebenzisi amathileyi noma izinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha. Ukungcola okukodwa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa yithileyi lonke. Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile amanzi amile, ngakho-ke kudingeka amanzi ahlanzekile afanele.

2. Ukubola Kwempande (i-Pythium)

Ukubola kwezimpande kuyisifo esithinta izimpande ngaphansi komhlabathi. Ekuqaleni, izitshalo zingase zibonakale ziphilile. Kodwa-ke, izimpande zizoqala ukuba nsundu, zithambile futhi zibe buthakathaka kancane kancane.

Ekugcineni, isitshalo siyayeka ukukhula bese siyawa. Lesi sifo siqala lapho izimpande zisemoyeni ophansi futhi zimanzi kakhulu.

Izinto ezibangela izinkinga ezinkulu zifaka:

• Imithombo emanzi eqhubekayo ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokomisa.
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo endaweni yezimpande.
• Amanzi okunisela asetshenziswe kabusha noma angcolisiwe.
• Ingxube ekhula kakhulu egcina umswakama omningi kakhulu.
• Izimo ezibandayo nezimanzi.

Indlela Yokulawula

Izimpande zidinga kokubili amanzi nomoya ukuze zikhule. Zidinga umoya-mpilo futhi azikwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwawo. Sebenzisa ingxube elula, ekhipha amanzi kahle egcina isakhiwo. Ungalokothi ushiye amanzi emi emathileyi ngemva kokunisela.

Nisela izitshalo ngokwesigaba sesitshalo kunokuba ubeke amashejuli. Gcina imigqa yokunisela ihlanzekile ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwamagciwane. Izindawo zezimpande ezinempilo zihlala zisebenza kancane, azimanzi ngokuphelele.

3. Isikhunta Esimpunga (iBotrytis)

Isikhunta esimpunga yisifo sesikhunta esikhula emaqabungeni, eziqwini, nakwezinye izingxenye ezibuthakathaka zesitshalo. Lokhu kubonakala njengongqimba olumpunga noluthambile futhi lusakazwa yizinhlayiya zomoya.

Ngokuvamile iqala ezicutshini ezindala noma ezonakele. Ikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezimanzi neziminyene.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Awunawo umoya owanele phakathi kwamathileyi.
• Izinkathi ezinde zomswakama ophezulu.
• Amaqabunga afile asele emathileyi.
• Amanzi ahlala emaqabunga ubusuku bonke.
• Isikhala esikhulu sezitshalo.

Indlela Yokulawula

Isivikelo esingcono kakhulu ukuhamba komoya. Qiniseka ukuthi kunesikhala esanele phakathi kwamathileyi ukuze umoya ukwazi ukujikeleza. Nquma amaqabunga afile ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze unciphise imithombo yokutheleleka. Nisela ekuseni bese ushiya izitshalo zomile emini. Ungalokothi ushiye izindawo ezimanzi zime zingasebenzi isikhathi eside.

4. Ukubuna kwe-Fusarium

Isikhunta (i-Fusarium) senhlabathi singena esitshalweni bese sivimba uhlelo lwaso lwamanzi. Lesi sitshalo soma kancane ngisho nasenhlabathini emanzi.

Amathuba amancane okululama uma usuthelelekile. Uhlala enhlabathini isikhathi eside futhi uzosakazeka kalula ngezinto ezingcolisiwe.

Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:

• Inhlabathi noma indawo yokukhulisa izitshalo engcolile ngenxa yokutheleleka.
• Imbewu noma ama-plug athelelekile.
• Amathileyi asetshenzisiwe ngaphandle kokubulala amagciwane.
• Izimo zenhlabathi ezifudumele.
• Izithombo ezicindezelekile nezibuthakathaka.

Indlela Yokulawula

Ukuvimbela kuyindlela ethembekile kuphela. Sebenzisa njalo imithombo yembewu eqinisekisiwe nehlanzekile. Ungaphindi usebenzise noma yiziphi izithombo ezingcolile. Jikelezisa izitshalo ezindaweni zokukhiqiza. Geza amathileyi namathuluzi ngemva komjikelezo ngamunye. Izithombo eziphilile cishe ziyakwazi ukumelana nokutheleleka.

5. Isikhunta Esiyimpuphu

I-Powdery mildew isifo esibonakala njengempuphu emhlophe. Sikhula ngaphandle kwamaqabunga futhi sisakazwa umoya.

Kuvimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kwamaqabunga. Kwenzeka lapho umoya unomswakama kodwa amaqabunga ahlala omile.

Izinto ezibangela izinkinga ezinkulu zifaka:

• Isikhala sezitshalo eziminyene.
• Amazinga okukhanya aphansi.
• Ukujikeleza komoya okubuthakathaka.
• Izinga lokushisa liyashintsha phakathi kwemini nobusuku.
• Umswakama ophezulu ezindaweni ezivalekile.

Indlela Yokulawula

Zibeke endaweni evulekile ukuze amaqabunga angathintani. Khulisa ukukhanya lapho kufaneleka khona. Gcina umoya uqhubeka ugeleza ezindaweni ezikhulayo. Sika futhi usike amaqabunga athelelekile ngokushesha okukhulu. Ungazivezi izitshalo ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa noma umswakama.

6. Ibala Leqabunga Lamagciwane

Kuyisifo esibangelwa amagciwane esibangela amabala amancane amnyama emaqabunga. Lawa mabala akhula ngobukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi angaholela ekuweni kwamaqabunga. Sihlasela kakhulu, sisakazeka ngokushesha ngamanzi.

Ngokuvamile ingena ngamanxeba noma ngokuxhumana namanzi.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Amanzi achitheka phakathi kwezitshalo.
• Ukuphatha izitshalo ezimanzi.
• Amathuluzi noma izandla ezingcolile.
• Izimo zomswakama ophezulu.
• Ukulimala kwamaqabunga amancane.

Indlela Yokulawula

Nisela phansi esikhundleni sokunisela phezulu. Ungalokothi uthinte izitshalo ezimanzi. Qinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi ahlanziwe futhi ahlanziwe. Susa izitshalo ezithelelekile ngokushesha. Khulisa umoya emaqabungeni omile ngokushesha.

7. Ukukhula Kwe-algae

I-algae iwungqimba oluhlaza olukhula ezindaweni ezimanzi. Akusona isifo sezitshalo esiqondile kodwa sisalimaza ukukhula ngokuvimba umoya nokuheha izinambuzane.

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Umswakama ohlala njalo ebusweni bemidiya.
• Izakhamzimba eziningi kakhulu engqimbeni ephezulu.
• Ukugeleza komoya okubuthakathaka.
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo ezindabeni ezimanzi.
• Imikhuba yokunisela ngokweqile.

Indlela Yokulawula

Vumela indawo yome kancane phakathi kokunisela. Thuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya emathileyi. Ungavumeli umanyolo uqongelelane endaweni evulekile. Sula amabala e-algae ezigabeni zokuqala ngaphambi kokusabalala. Izinkinga eziningi ze-algae zixazululwa ngokulawulwa kwamanzi okungcono.

Yini Ebangela Izifo Ezitshalweni Ezihlanganisiwe Ngempela

Izifo ezivamile ezitshalweni zamapulangwe aziveli ngokungahleliwe. Ziwumphumela wokuphindaphinda kwezimo ezimbalwa ezifanayo.

Amanzi amaningi kakhulu. Umoya omncane kakhulu. Imikhuba yokuhlanzeka ebuthakathaka. Ukucindezeleka ezimpandeni ezincane.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zici kuzokwakha ngokushesha ingcindezi yesifo. Yingakho ukulawula kumayelana kakhulu nokuvamile, kunokusabela.

Kungani Ukuvimbela Kwasekuqaleni Kubalulekile Ngaphezu Kokwelashwa

Izifo kunzima ukuzilawula ngemva kokuba sezingene emathileyi okufaka amapulaki. Yingakho kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvimbela, kunokwelapha.

Ama-plug anempilo asho ukuthi:

• Impumelelo engcono yokufakelwa
• Ukukhula okusheshayo kwensimu
• Izinga lokulahlekelwa eliphansi
• Ikhwalithi ephezulu yemakethe

Ukuphatha ama-plug akho akudingeki kube nzima. Kumayelana nokungaguquguquki.

Imicabango Yokugcina: Ukuvimbela Kungamandla Angempela

Izifo ezivame kakhulu ezitshalweni ezihlanganisiwe zivela ezimweni ezilula zansuku zonke ezifana namanzi amaningi, ukugeleza komoya okubuthakathaka, kanye nokuhlanzeka okungekuhle. Izinkinga ezinjalo azivele nje zivele esibhakabhakeni. Zikhula kancane kancane lapho indawo ekhulayo ingalingani.

Uma abalimi begcina ukulawula umswakama, begcina ukujikeleza komoya okuhle futhi besebenzisa imikhuba yokukhiqiza ehlanzekile, ukucindezeleka kwezifo kwehla ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kuholela ezitshalweni ezinempilo, ezikhule ngokulinganayo futhi okulula kakhulu ukuzisingatha ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.

Ku-   Isitshalo Esisha , sihlala sisebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo ezincane ziphilile futhi zisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi zizosebenza kahle kusukela ekuqaleni. Izinhlelo zokusabalala ezihlanzekile, izimo zokukhula ngokucophelela, kanye nokuphathwa kwempilo yezitshalo okuqhubekayo kuyimbangela yokukhiqizwa kwamapulaki okuthembekile. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuzinza, amandla, kanye nokulungela kwethileyi ngalinye eliphuma ohlelweni ukuze likhule ngemuva kwesigaba esilandelayo ngaphandle kwengozi yesifo.