Amasu okuqonda amasu wesiko lokukhula kwezitshalo zasendlini exotic

Esikhathini esedlule esedlule, kube nentshisekelo eyandayo ezitshalweni zasendlini ezishisayo njengoba abantu bebukeka bengeza izinhlobonhlobo nombala emizini yabo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula lezi zitshalo kungaba nzima ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuqinisekiseni okujwayelekile nekhwalithi. Yilapho amasu wesiko amathiphu angena khona. Isiko Lezicubu liyindlela ephumelelayo yokukhulisa inani elikhulu lezitshalo ezinempilo ezikhululekile ezifweni, yingakho zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekutshalweni nasekuhwebeni.

  Le ndatshana izofuna ukuchaza ukuthi yisiphi isiko lezicubu, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamasiko izicubu, izinyathelo ezibalulekile zamasiko amathiphu, kanye nezinzuzo zamasiko amathiphu ikakhulukazi ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zasendlini exotic futhi izitshalo zezicubu eziphelele

Kuyini Isiko Lezicubu?

Isiko lezicubu, futhi okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-micropropagation, kuyinqubo yesiko lezitshalo endaweni elawulwayo. Le ndlela ifaka ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezincane zezicubu zezitshalo ezivame ukutholakala ezimpandeni, amaqabunga noma isiqu sesitshalo bese sezitshalwa endaweni elawulwayo ukukhiqiza izitshalo zonke.

Inhloso enkulu yesiko lezicubu ukuthola inani elikhulu lezitshalo ezine-genotype efanayo futhi ezingenazo izifo futhi ezingenazinambuzane. Le ndlela iwusizo ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezingandile ezingandile nezingajwayelekile ukuze kufinyelelwe okujwayelekile namanani aphezulu okusinda kwesitshalo.

Ukuthuthuka Komlando

Umqondo wamasiko wezicubu walethwa okokuqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1900s nguGottlieb Haberlandt obizwa nangokuthi uYise wesiko lezithuthi zezitsha. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ucwaningo kule nkambu selukhulile futhi selukhiqize amasu amaningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaleyo ndlela wenza isiko lezicubu libe yisici esibalulekile se-biotechnology yesitshalo. Namuhla, akufakwanga kuphela ocwaningweni kodwa nasekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo zentengiso, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezingandile nezingajwayelekile ezinzima ukusakaza ngezindlela ezijwayelekile.

Izinhlobo zamasiko izicubu

Inqubo yesiko lezicubu lihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana, zonke eziwusizo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufakwa kwezitshalo. Ngokwazi lezi zinhlobo, abatshali bazobe sesimweni esingcono sokukhetha indlela efanelekile yesimo sabo.

Isiko Lembewu

Isiko lembewu liyinqubo yokutshala imbewu emphakathini okhulayo oqukethe izakhamzimba nokugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele nezimo zokukhanya. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhulisa izithombo ezingenampilo nezingenazo ze-pathogen. Isiko lembewu liphumelela kakhulu ekusakazeni izitshalo ezinembewu encane enezilinganiso eziphansi zokuhluma noma lezo ezidinga izimo ezinhle zokuhluma.

Isiko le-EMBRO

I-SOMOTIC umbungu iyindlela yokuhlakulela imibungu yezitshalo okungenzeka yehluleke ekukhuleni ngokwemvelo. Le ndlela iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekusindisweni kwe-ebrroid eziphambanweni ezi-hybrid ezingase zingaqhakambi. Lokhu kwenza isiko lembungu lisizo njengoba lisiza ukukhula kwale mibungu kuzitshalo ezinempilo ngendlela elawulwayo.

Isiko le-Callus

Isiko le-Callus liyinqubo yokukhula kwamangqamuzana ezitshalo ezingafani nalutho, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-callus, ku-medium izakhi. Lawa maseli angaqinisekiswa ukuthi ahlukanise izitho zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezimpande noma amahlumela phambi kwama-hormone athile. Isiko le-Callus kungenye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu ku-genetic Engineering ukudala izitshalo ngezimpawu ezithile.

Isiko Lama-Organ

Isiko le-Organ lisho ukukhulisa izitho zezitshalo ezithile, kufaka phakathi izimpande, amahlumela, noma amaqabunga aphakathi kwesiko. Le ndlela ithandwa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni ukukhula kwezitho ezithile zezitshalo noma ekusakazweni kwezitshalo kwezitshalo ezingenakuphakanyiswa ngezinye izindlela.

Isiko le-Protoplast

Isiko le-ProtoPlast liyindlela lapho amaseli wezitshalo ahlukaniswe khona ezindongeni zeseli awo futhi akhule emzimbeni wezakhi. Le ndlela isetshenziselwe ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo ukudlulisa imininingwane yofuzo emisha kumaseli wezitshalo, ukukhiqiza izitshalo ngezimpawu ezintsha.

Ezinye izinhlobo

Ezinye izinhlobo zamasiko izicubu zifaka amasiko e-anther, isiko le-ovele, nesiko lempova elisetshenziswa ekufuyeni kwezitshalo nokuhlaziywa kofuzo. Lezi zinqubo zivame ukuqashwa ukudala izitshalo ze-haploid eziwusizo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo zezitshalo ezintsha nge-hybridization.

Izinyathelo zamasiko wezicubu

Inqubo yesiko lezicubu inezigaba eziningana, konke okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo.

Isigaba sokuqala

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha nokunyuswa kwezicubu zezicubu zezitshalo (ama-efayili) ukuze ukhulule ekungcolisweni. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amagciwane noma isikhunta esikhulela izicubu ezingangcolisa isiko. Lapho-ke ama-expranti aklanywa nge-medium yezakhi ukuze avuse futhi aqale ukuphindaphindeka kweseli.

Isigaba sokuphindaphinda

Esigabeni sokuphindaphindeka, izincazelo ziklanyelwe kwabezindaba eziqukethe abalawuli abathile bokukhula abangela ukwakheka kwamahlumela noma i-callus. Le nqubo yenziwa kaninginingi ukuthola inani lezitshalo ezivela ku-One Expressint.

Ukwakheka kwezimpande

Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela aqhamuke, izitshalo zihanjiswa enkabeni ye-romotones ekhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande okuhle kubalulekile ukuthi izitshalo zisinde lapho zidluliselwa enhlabathini noma kweminye imidiya ekhulayo.

Ukudubula ukwakheka

Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka kwe-Shoot kukhuthazwa ngokulawula amazinga ama-hormone emasimini aphakathi ngesikhathi senqubo ye-Rooling. Ukuvela kwamahlumela kubalulekile ekusindeni kwesitshalo nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesitshalo.

Ukukhwela

Isigaba sokugcina saziwa ngokuthi i-acclimatization lapho izitshalo zivezwa khona izimo zemvelo zangaphandle kancane kancane. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukuhambisa izitshalo ngaphandle kwesiko eliyinyumba eliphakathi nendawo emhlabathini noma kweminye imithombo efanele ngendlela elawulwayo, ngokwesibonelo endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuthi izitshalo zingeniswa kancane kancane ezimeni ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukukhula kwazo nokusinda.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besiko lezicubu

Isu lesiko lezicubu lingasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi kufaka phakathi ukukhula kwezitshalo zokuhlobisa kanye nebhizinisi njengamasiko wezicubu ezithengiswayo zezitshalo ezishisayo.

Ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini

Isiko lezicubu liyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela izinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini ekuqothulweni. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zisongelwa ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu noma i-overexploitation. Ngosizo lwamasiko wezicubu, ososayensi kanye nabalondolozi bezokulondolozwayo bangaphinda baphinde bandise izitshalo zabo, bagcina impahla yabo yofuzo bese beyikhulula endle noma bayihlakulele ezivandeni ze-botanical. Le ndlela isiza ekugcineni ukwahlukahluka kwemvelo futhi iqinisekise ukuthi izinhlobo zezitshalo azisulwa.

Ukwakha izitshalo ezihlukile

Isiko lezicubu kungenye yobuchwepheshe obuthakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni wanamuhla futhi kusetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izitshalo ezingajwayelekile. Kunezinhlobo zezitshalo eziningi zezitshalo, ezingakwazi ukusakazwa zisebenzisa amasu ajwayelekile ngenxa yokukhula kancane, ukuhluma kwembewu ephansi noma izimo ezithile zemvelo. Isiko lezicubu lisiza ekunqobeni lezi zinkinga ngokunikeza izimo ezilawulwayo ukusakaza izitshalo ezinjalo ngesikhathi esifushane.

Ukuguqulwa kofuzo nokuzalanisa

Isiko lezicubu livame ukusetshenziswa kubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo kanye namasu wokuzalela izitshalo. Amaseli ezitshalo noma izicubu zingashintshwa ukuze zifake izinhlobo ezintsha ezinika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ngezimpawu ezidingekayo njengokumelana nezilokazane, izifo. Le ndlela futhi inika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo ngokuwela izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ukuthola izitshalo ezingcono zokuvunyelwa.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwezentengiso Kwezitshalo Zokuhlobisa

Imboni yezokulima kakhulu isebenzisa isiko lezicubu ukukhiqiza izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifunwa ngokuhweba. Isiko lezicubu lenza ukuthi likwazi ukukhulisa izimbali, izihlahlana, nezitshalo zasendlini zombala ofanayo, usayizi kanye nokwakheka ngakho-ke kuhlangana nezidingo zobuhle bezidumbu zabathengi. Le ndlela futhi isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo zomhlobiso ezihlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe nezidingo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kwezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezikhulile nasezikhungweni zensimu.

Izinzuzo nokubaluleka kwesiko lezicubu

Isiko lezicubu liyithuluzi eliwusizo ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizweni kwesitshalo sanamuhla kanye nocwaningo. Ake sixoxe ngezinye izinzuzo zalo eziningana.

Ukufana:

Isiko lezicubu likhipha ama-clones afaniswe ngofuzo ekukhuleni kwabo, ekubukeni nasekuvuseleleni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ikakhulukazi kubatshali bezentengiselwano abadinga ukuphuma okujwayelekile kwemikhiqizo yabo.

Izitshalo ezingenazifo:

Isiko lezicubu lisiza ekukhuleni kwezitshalo endaweni engenazifo, yingakho izitshalo zikhule ngesiko lezicubu zinempilo futhi zinamathuba aphezulu okusinda.

Ukuphindaphindeka Okusheshayo:

Isiko lezicubu lenza ukuthi kwenzeke ngokushesha izitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela zisiza abatshali ukuthi bakhiqize izitshalo eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezisongelwa noma osuvele zibhekwe emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukukhiqiza unyaka wonke:

Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zendabuko zokusakazwa, amasiko wezicubu ancike ezikhathini zonyaka, okusho ukuthi izitshalo zingakhiqizwa unyaka wonke.

Ukugcina

Isiko lezicubu liyindlela ebalulekile eguqulwe kakhulu isitshalo sokuphindaphindeka nokukhiqizwa. Ngenxa yemandla ayo okukhiqiza inani elikhulu lekhwalithi nezitshalo ezingenazo ze-pathogen, iyithuluzi elibalulekile labatshali ikakhulukazi labo abakhiqiza izitshalo ezingaphakathi endlini futhi izitshalo zezicubu eziphelele .

E- Izitshalo zeFoshan Young , ngezikhungo zethu zesiko lezicubu ze-state-of the arty, siyaziqhenya ngokuba phambili sokwethula izinhlobo zezitshalo ezintsha nezithuthukisiwe emakethe. Ngokusebenzisa isiko lezicubu, abatshali bangakhiqiza izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingajwayelekile emakethe yendawo kanye nezimakethe zokuthumela ngaphandle.