Izitshalo Zokulima Izicubu: Isixazululo Esiqhubekayo Sokulima Kwezitshalo Zanamuhla

Ukutshala izitshalo ngezinga lezentengiselwano kuza nezinselele ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo. Abalimi badinga inani elikhulu lezitshalo ezinempilo, isikhala esanele sokuzikhiqiza, kanye nokunikezwa okuqhubekayo unyaka wonke. Ukusabalala kwezitshalo ngokwesiko kungenza kube nzima ukuziphatha zontathu.

Izitshalo Zokukhulisa Izicubu inikeza indlela eqhubekayo yokuhlangabezana nalesi sidingo.   Izitshalo zingandiswa endaweni elawulwayo kusetshenziswa izicubu ezincane zezitshalo kunokuthembela ezitshalo noma imbewu evuthiwe eningi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezifanayo ngenkathi kusetshenziswa isikhala nezinsizakusebenza ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu. Ukugxila okufanayo ekusebenzeni kahle kuyaqhubeka kamuva enkambisweni yokukhulisa, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwezithombo ze-Plug kuya ezinhlelweni ze-Plug Plants kanye ne-Tray Plant . Lapho abalimi behlela lezi zindlela ndawonye, ​​​​bangagcina ukuphakelwa okuhambisanayo futhi baphathe inani elikhulu lokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umhlaba noma amanzi amaningi.

Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlola ukuthi kungani ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kuyisisombululo esiqhubekayo sokutshala izitshalo zesimanje, ukuthi kuhambisana kanjani nokukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano, nokuthi kungani abalimi bekusebenzisa ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezinkulu.

Ziyini Izitshalo Zokukhulisa Izicubu?

Ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kuqala ngengcezu encane yezitshalo ezitshalwe endaweni yokukhulisa engahlanzekile enikeza izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukukhuthaza ukukhula okusha.

Le nqubo ingenziwa endaweni elawulwayo yangaphakathi, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi bakhiqize inani elikhulu lezitshalo ezincane ezivela enanini elincane lezitshalo ezingumzali. Lesi esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kuyindlela efanelekile yokusabalala kwezitshalo zokuhweba nezokuthengisa ngobuningi.

Uma izitshalo ezincane sezikhulile, zingadluliselwa ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza izitshalo ezincane njenge-Plug Seedling kanye ne-Plug Plants. Abalimi bangaqhubeka nokuzikhulisa kuze kube yilapho sezilungele ukuthengiswa noma ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe.

Ngokuphathelene nokulima kwezolimo kwezentengiselwano, le ndlela elawulwayo yenza kube lula ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Abalimi bangasebenza ngamaqoqo ahleliwe futhi balondoloze ukutholakala njalo kwezitshalo ezincane.

Izitshalo Zokukhulisa Izicubu Zisekela Kanjani Ukukhiqizwa Okukhulu?

Ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezingamakhulu ambalwa kuhluke kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni izinkulungwane zezitshalo ezincane kubalimi bezentengiselwano. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kukhula, isikhala, isikhathi, ikhwalithi yezitshalo, kanye nokunikezwa okuqhubekayo kuba okubaluleke kakhulu.

Izitshalo Zokukhulisa Izicubu zingasiza ngalokhu ngoba izitshalo eziningi ezincane zingakhiqizwa ngenani elincane lezinto zokuqala ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Izitshalo Ezincane zihlinzeka ngezitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu ngobuningi ezindaweni zokukhulisa izitshalo zezentengiselwano nakubalimi ezimakethe ezahlukene.

Ngemisebenzi emikhulu, izinzuzo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Ukusabalala okuphumelelayo: Amaqoqo amakhulu angakhiqizwa ngenani elincane lezinto zezitshalo.
• Ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwendawo: Izitshalo eziningi ezincane zingakhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuba zikhulele endaweni yokushisa.
• Ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo: Ngamaqoqo ahleliwe kusengaphambili, ukulungiselela ama-oda amakhulu kuzohamba kahle kakhulu.
• Ukukhetha okubanzi kwezitshalo: Izitshalo Ezincane zinikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zePhilodendron, Aglaonema, Monstera, Alocasia, Calathea, Begonia nokuningi.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwamapulagi: Ngemva kwesigaba sokukhulisa izicubu, izitshalo zingangena   izitsha zokufaka ipulaki kanye nama-TC liner ukuze zikhule ngokwengeziwe.

Kwabalimi abaphatha ama-oda amakhulu, abanezitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu kanye   Amapulagi anezimpande atholakalayo angenza ushintsho kusuka ekukhuleni kuya ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo ezincane lube lula.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwezitshalo ezikhula ngezicubu

Ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kungasekela ukusabalala okukhulu, kodwa abalimi kufanele bacabangele kokubili izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwakho.

Izinzuzo Zezitshalo Zokukhulisa Izicubu

• Ingcezu encane yezicubu zezitshalo ingakhiqiza izitshalo eziningi ezintsha.
• Amaqoqo amakhulu angatshalwa endaweni encane.
• Izitshalo ezivela eqenjini elifanayo zivame ukufana ngokukhula.
• Ukukhiqizwa kungaqhubeka unyaka wonke.
• Izimo ezihlanzekile zisiza ukugcina izitshalo ezincane zingangcoliswa.
• Kungasiza abalimi ukuba bandise izitshalo okunzima ukuzitshala ngezinye izindlela.

Izinkinga Zezitshalo Zokukhula Kwezicubu

• Le nqubo idinga imishini ekhethekile kanye nezindawo ezifanele.
• Ukwakha indawo yokukhulisa izicubu kungaba kubi kakhulu.
• Amabhaktheriya kanye nesikhunta kungalimaza inqwaba uma kungena endaweni ekhulayo.
• Izisebenzi zidinga ukuqeqeshwa futhi kumele zigcine indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile.
• Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela lapho zisuswa elabhorethri ziya endlini yokugezela.

Ezindaweni zokugcina izitshalo ezithwala ama-oda amakhulu, ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kungenza ukusabalala kwezitshalo kube lula ukuzilawula ngenkathi konga isikhala kanye nezinto zokuqala.

Izitshalo Zokulima Izicubu Zisekela Kanjani Ukulima Okusimeme?

Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezinkulu kudinga indlela ephumelelayo yokutshala. Ngokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, abalimi bezitshalo kumele bathole indlela yokuphatha kahle isikhala, izinto zezitshalo, amanzi, nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Izitshalo Zokukhulisa Izicubu ziyindlela ephumelelayo yokutshala eyenza umlimi akwazi ukukhulisa izitshalo eziningi ngezinto ezincane zokuqala.

Ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kungasekela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okuphumelelayo nokuhlelekile. Izimo zokusabalala ezilawulwayo kanye nezinto zokuqala ezilinganiselwe kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi abalimi bangasebenzisa isikhala nezinsiza ezitholakalayo ngenkathi behlinzeka ngokutholakala okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo ezincane.

Sebenzisa Isikhala Esincane

Izinkulungwane zezitshalo ezincane zingathatha isikhala esiningi uma zisakazwa ngezindlela ezivamile. Ukulima kwezicubu kuqala ngenani elincane lezinto zezitshalo, ngakho abalimi bangakhiqiza izitshalo eziningi ngaphambi kokuzithuthela ekukhiqizeni izitshalo ezishisayo.

Okukodwa ucwaningo olushicilelwe kuqoshwe izitshalo ezingafika ku-37,600 ezivela ku-explant eyodwa yeqabunga phakathi nonyaka. Lokhu kungaba usizo ezindaweni zokukhulisa izitshalo ezinesikhala esincane sokukhulisa.

Phatha Amanzi Ngokucophelela Kakhulu

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kungenye inkinga ekulimeni kwezitshalo kwezentengiselwano. Ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kwenzeka endaweni elawulwayo, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo kusenesikhathi.

Ukunisela okulawulwayo, okusekelwe ezidingweni kuye kwabonakala kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi 30–80% ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo zokugcina izitshalo.

Umehluko uba ngobaluleke kakhulu uma kukhiqizwa amaqoqo amakhulu unyaka wonke.

Nciphisa Izinkinga Ngesikhathi Sokukhula Kwasekuqaleni

Ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela izitshalo ekungcoleni ngesikhathi sokusabalala.

Ukungcola kusengenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokulahleka kwamalabhorethri okukhulisa izicubu, kanti ucwaningo olushicilelwe lubika ukuthi iningi lama-labhorethri lilahlekelwa phakathi 3% kanye no-15% kwezitshalo esigabeni ngasinye sokulima, yingakho izinqubo zokuphatha izitshalo ezingenamagciwane zibaluleke kangaka kulesi sigaba.

Akusho ukuthi izitshalo zizohlala zingenazo izinambuzane noma izifo ngemva kokushiya indawo elawulwayo. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kusadingeka uma seziqalile ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziluhlaza noma kwezitshalo ezincane.

Ukusekela Ukusabalala Konyaka Wonke

Ukusabalala kwangaphandle kuthintwa yizinkathi zonyaka kanye nesimo sezulu. Ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo, ngakho abalimi bangaqhubeka nokukhiqiza izitshalo lapho izimo zangaphandle zingafaneleki.

Lapho isitshalo esingumama esikhule ensimini singase sishiye umjikelezo owodwa noma emibili kuphela wezicucu ngonyaka, umugqa wokukhulisa izicubu ungatshalwa ngaphansi cishe njalo emavikini ama-4 (PMC ), okusho isizukulwane esisha sezitshalo cishe njalo ngenyanga, phakathi nobusika, isomiso, noma isikhathi sokuphumula.

Yenza Amaqoqo Amakhulu Abe Lula Ukuphatha

Izindawo zokukhulisa izitshalo zezentengiselwano zivame ukudinga izinkulungwane zezitshalo zohlobo olufanayo. Ukuzikhiqiza ngayinye ngayinye ngokusakazwa okuvamile kungathatha isikhathi esiningi nendawo.

Ngezitshalo Zokukhulisa Izicubu , inani elincane lezinto zokuqala lingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izitshalo eziningi ezincane. Lezi zingadlulela kamuva ku- Plug Seedling kanye Izitshalo Zokufaka Amapulagi ukukhiqizwa ukuze kukhule ngokwengeziwe.

Kwindawo yokukhulisa izingane ethengiswayo, lokhu kungenza kube lula ukwenza lokhu:

• Hlela ukukhiqizwa ngamaqoqo
• Gcina izitshalo ezincane zitholakala njalo
• Khiqiza inani elikhulu lohlobo olufanayo
• Sebenzisa indawo yokugcina izithombo ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu

Siza Ekusakazeni Izinhlobo Zezitshalo Ezinzima

Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo kunzima ukuzitshala ngembewu noma ngezicucu, ikakhulukazi lapho abalimi bedinga inani elikhulu phakathi nesikhathi esifushane. Ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kunikeza izindawo zokukhulisa izitshalo enye indlela yokwandisa izitshalo ezikhethiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo.

Imiphumela ingaba mikhulu. Ucwaningo olulodwa ku -Withania somnifera lubike isilinganiso se Izitshalo eziyi-1,600 ezivela eqabungeni elilodwa kusetshenziswa ukusabalala kwezicubu ngaphakathi kwe-vitro. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kungani ukukhuliswa kwezicubu kungaba usizo lapho indawo yokukhulisa izingane idinga ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu ngezinto zokuqala ezilinganiselwe.

Le ndlela ingasiza futhi ezitshalweni ezinokusabalala okuvamile okuhamba kancane noma okunzima. Uma izitshalo sezikhulile, zingangena kuma-plug tray kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-greenhouse. Lokhu kuxhumanisa isigaba sokusabalala nenqubo enkulu yokukhulisa izitshalo futhi kwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza uhlobo oluthile ngamaqoqo ahleliwe.

Ukwakha Amaketanga Okuphakelwa Okusimeme Nomlingani Othembekile

Ukusebenza kahle kwezinsiza ezingeni lelebhu kuyazuzisa kuphela uma kusekelwa ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla kumthengi. Yilapho ukukhetha umlingani kuqala khona ukubaluleka njengendlela yokusabalalisa ngokwayo.

Izitshalo Ezincane isebenza njengomkhiqizi wezitshalo zokukhuliswa kwezicubu ngobuningi , isebenzisa amalabhorethri amaningi ngaphakathi kwe-vitro kanye nezindawo zayo zokujwayela izitshalo eziluhlaza okotshani, futhi inikeza kokubili izitshalo zokukhuliswa kwezicubu kanye namafomethi epulaki noma ithreyi kuye ngokuthi umthengi usetha kanjani umkhiqizo.

Inkampani   Isevisi ye-ODM/OEM ichaza inqubo yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle izitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu kanye nezitshalo ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe ekunikeza abalimi abasebenza ngezinkinga zokulima noma zokulawula izifo ngemuva kokuthengisa.

Isiphetho

Ukutshala izitshalo zezentengiselwano ngaphandle kokwandisa amanzi, umhlabathi, kanye nabasebenzi ngesivinini esifanayo - yileyo inkinga izitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu ezakhelwe ukuyixazulula. Izibalo zilula: Isitshalo esisodwa sikhiqiza izinkulungwane zezitshalo ezingenazifo, ezifanayo ongazitshala unyaka wonke ngengxenye encane kakhulu yomsebenzi wasensimini.

Ufuna ukuthola izitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu noma ukuxhuma izitshalo zomjikelezo wokukhiqiza ozayo?   Izitshalo Ezincane Isebenzisana ngqo nabalimi bezentengiselwano kanye nabasabalalisi kuma-oda omthamo, amafomethi ethreyi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ingabe izitshalo ze-plug ziyafana nezitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu?

Akunjalo ngempela. Isithombo esifakwe ipulaki yilapho isitshalo esikhule ngezicubu sishiya ilabhorethri engenamagciwane, njengoba “siqinisiwe” futhi sashintshwa saya enhlabathini.

Ingabe izitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu zisebenzisa amanzi amancane kunezitshalo ezikhulisa insimu?

Yebo. Njengoba kusobala, mancane kakhulu amanzi asetshenziswa endaweni yelabhorethri evaliwe ukukhiqiza inani elithile lesitshalo uma kuqhathaniswa nensimu evulekile lapho izitshalo zidinga khona ukuniselwa njalo.

Kungani izindleko zezitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu zingaphezu kwezitshalo ezikhiqizwa ngembewu?

Izindleko ezihambisana nokwenza ukukhiqizwa kwezicubu elabhorethri zihilela imali eningi yokusetha kokuqala, imishini ehlanzekile, ukuphathwa kwezifo, njll.

Ingabe izitshalo zokufaka amapulagi zingathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe?  

Yebo, kuyinto evamile ukuthi izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezitshalo zokukhulisa izicubu zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe, futhi iningi lezitshalo eziqediwe zithengiswa ezweni. Lokho kuncike ezindlekweni zokuthumela nokuhlola.