Izinselelo Eziyi-10 Ezivamile Kusiko Lwezicubu Zezitshalo kanye Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Isiko lezicubu zezitshalo yindlela enamandla esetshenziswa emkhakheni wesayensi yezitshalo ukusabalalisa nokugcina amaseli ezitshalo, izicubu, noma izitho ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Lobu buchwepheshe buye benza izinguquko ekuzalweni kwezitshalo, ukongiwa, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Nokho, njenganoma iyiphi indlela yesayensi, isiko lezicubu zezitshalo nalo liza nesethi yalo yezinselelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinselele eziyi-10 ezivamile ezibhekene nesiko lezicubu zezitshalo futhi sinikeze amasu okuthi ungazinqoba kanjani.

Ukungcola

Ukungcola kungenye yezinselelo ezivame kakhulu emasikweni ezicubu zezitshalo. Kwenzeka lapho ama-microorganisms angafuneki afana namagciwane, isikhunta, noma imvubelo ehlasela isiko, abangele ukushintsha kombala, ukukhula okuqinile, noma ukufa kwesitshalo. Ukuze unqobe lolu daba, kubalulekile ukugcina izindlela eziqinile ze-aseptic kuyo yonke inqubo yesiko. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufaka amagciwane kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukusebenzisa i-laminar flow hood, nokuqapha njalo amasiko ukuze kutholwe izimpawu zokungcola. Ukwengeza, ukufaka ama-antibiotics noma ama-antifungal agents endaweni yesiko kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nokugcina indawo engenakho ukungcola.

Ukuhlukahluka Kwezakhi Zofuzo

Ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kungenye inselele kusiko lwezicubu zezitshalo, lapho izitshalo ezivuselelwe zibonisa umehluko ku-phenotype noma i-genotype uma kuqhathaniswa nesitshalo esingumzali. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwe-somaclonal, lapho ukuguqulwa kofuzo kwenzeka phakathi nenqubo yesiko lezicubu. Ukuze unciphise ukuhlukahluka kofuzo, kubalulekile ukukhetha izitsha ezinempilo nezifanayo esitshalweni esinikelayo, kanye nokugcina ukungaguquguquki ezimweni zesiko ezifana nezinga lokushisa, amandla okukhanya, nokutholakala kwezakhi. Ukukhiqiza izicubu zezitshalo njalo kungasiza ekusimamiseni ukwakheka kofuzo kwezitshalo ezivuselelwe.

I-Callus Browning

I-Callus browning yinto evamile ebonwa kusiko lwezicubu zezitshalo, lapho i-culture medium iphenduka ibe nsundu ngenxa ye-oxidation ye-phenolic compounds ekhishwe kumaseli ezitshalo ezilimele. I-Browning ayithinti kuphela ukukhanga okubonakalayo kwamasiko kodwa futhi ivimbela ukukhula nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo. Ukuvimbela ukubola kwe-callus, kubalulekile ukusebenza ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezicubu ukuze unciphise ukulimala kwamaseli. Ukwengeza ama-antioxidants afana ne-ascorbic acid noma i-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) endaweni yesiko kungasiza ekwehliseni ukugqama ngokukhipha ama-radicals mahhala futhi kuvimbele inqubo ye-oxidation.

Hyperhydricity

I-Hyperhydricity, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-vitrification, i-physiological disorder ebonakala ngokukhula okungavamile kwezicubu zesitshalo ekubonakaleni okuguquguqukayo, okumanzi. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibangelwa amazinga omswakama ngokweqile endaweni yesiko, okuholela ekushintshisaneni kabi kwegesi kanye nokuthathwa kwezakhi. Ukuze ulwe ne-hyperhydricity, kubalulekile ukwandisa amazinga womswakamo ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi ye-culture futhi unikeze umoya owanele ukuze ukhuthaze ukungena kahle. Ukufaka ama-gelling agents afana ne-agar noma i-gelrite nakho kungathuthukisa ukuzinza kwezicubu futhi kunciphise ukumuncwa kwamanzi, ukuvimbela izimpawu ze-hyperhydric.

I-Embryogenesis ye-Somatic

I-Somatic embryogenesis iyindlela esetshenziswa kusiko lwezicubu zezitshalo ukunxenxa ukwakheka kwemibungu ephuma kumaseli ezitshalo ahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ukuzuza amandla aphezulu e-embryogenic kungaba inselele, njengoba kudinga ukwelashwa okunembayo kwamahomoni kanye nezimo zesiko. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-somatic embryogenesis, kunconywa ukuthi kwandiswe ukwakheka kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo endaweni yesiko, ikakhulukazi ama-auxin nama-cytokinins. Ukukhiqiza njalo izicubu ze-embryogenic callus kanye nokuhlinzeka ukukhanya okwanele kungakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemibungu ye-somatic.

Sengiphetha, isiko lezicubu zezitshalo linikeza inqwaba yamathuba okusabalalisa izitshalo kanye nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kodwa azinazo izinselele. Ngokuqonda nokubhekana nezindaba ezivamile ezifana nokungcoliswa, ukuhlukahluka kofuzo, i-callus browning, hyperhydricity, kanye ne-somatic embryogenesis, abacwaningi nochwepheshe bezitshalo ze-biotechnologists bangathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nempumelelo yokuhlolwa kwesiko lezicubu zabo. Ngamasu afanele namasu okuxazulula izinkinga akhona, amandla esiko lezicubu zezitshalo ukuguqula ezolimo nesayensi yezitshalo akunamkhawulo.