Umthetho Wokulinganisa: Amasu Okunakekela Okukhula Okungcono Kakhulu kweTissue Philodendron

Isingeniso:

I-Philodendron, enamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza kanye nemvelo yokunakekelwa okuphansi, isiyintandokazi phakathi kwabathandi bezitshalo abasaqalayo nabasebekhulile. Enye indlela ethole ukuthandwa ekusakazeni ama-Philodendron isiko lezicubu, okubandakanya ukutshala izitshalo endaweni elawulwayo ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinyumba. Le nqubo inikeza izinzuzo eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-Philodendron ngobuningi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezibonelo ezingenazo izifo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kwesiko lezicubu kungaba isenzo esibucayi sokulinganisa. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amasu okunakekela adingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokukhula kuma-Philodendron akhiwe ngezicubu.

Ukuqonda Isiko Lwezicubu

I-tissue culture iyindlela yokusabalalisa ebandakanya ukukhula kwezitshalo kusuka kumasampula ezicubu ezincane endaweni yaselabhorethri ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenalutho. Le nqubo ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziningi, ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nezibonelo ezingenazo izifo. Endabeni yama-Philodendrons, isiko lezicubu seliyithuluzi elibalulekile labalimi bezentengiselwano kanye nabathandi bezitshalo ngokufanayo.

Ngokusebenzisa isiko lezicubu, abalimi bangakhiqiza inani elibalulekile lezitshalo ngesampula yethishu eyodwa. Inqubo iqala ngokukhetha isitshalo sikamama esinempilo nesingenazifo. Isiqephu esincane sesicubu, njengeqabunga, isiqu, noma impande, sithathwa esitshalweni esingumama futhi sivalwe amagciwane ukuze kuqedwe noma yiziphi izinto ezingase zibe ukungcola. Izicubu zibe sezitshalwa endaweni enomsoco, lapho sikhula sibe isitshalo esincane. Lezi zitshalo ekugcineni zidluliselwa ezimbizeni noma ezitsheni ukuze ziqhubeke nokukhula.

Nakuba isiko lezicubu linikeza izinzuzo eziningi mayelana nokusakazeka kwezitshalo, ukuzuza ukukhula okuhle kungaba yinselele. Imvelo entekenteke yamaPhilodendron akhuliswe ngezicubu idinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ezicini ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, imisoco, kanye nezindlela zokukhula.

Izindlela Zokukhula Ezifanelekile

Ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yokukhula kubalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwama-Philodendron enziwe ngezicubu. I-medium inikeza imisoco edingekayo kanye nokweseka ukuze ama-plantlets achume. Kunezinketho ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha indawo yokukhula yesiko lezicubu.

1. Imidiya Esuselwe ku-Agar:

Imithombo yezindaba esekwe ku-agar ivame ukusetshenziswa kusiko lwezicubu ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwayo okufana nejeli, okunikeza ukwesekwa kwezitshalo ezikhulayo. I-Agar iyi-polysaccharide ekhishwe olwandle futhi isebenza njenge-ejenti eqinisayo. Ivumela izitshalo ukuthi zikhule endaweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi zinikeze ukuzinza, zivimbele ukuthi zingawi.

Imidiya esekwe ku-agar ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze ihambisane nezidingo ezithile zamaPhilodendrons. Izakhi ezibalulekile, ezifana nama-macronutrients (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium), i-micronutrients (i-iron, i-manganese, i-zinc), kanye nezilawuli zokukhula, zingengezwa endaweni ukusekela ukukhula okunempilo. Kodwa-ke, inani eliningi eleqile lemisoco ethile lingaba nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunquma ukugxila okufanele kwengxenye ngayinye.

2. Imidiya Esekelwe Oketshezi:

Imithombo yezindaba esekwe oketshezini, njenge-Murashige ne-Skoog (MS) medium, ingenye inketho yokutshala ama-Philodendron akhuliswe ngezicubu. Le mithombo yezindaba inesixazululo esiwuketshezi esinothiswe ngemisoco ebalulekile kanye nezilawuli zokukhula. Imithombo yezindaba esekwe oketshezini ihlinzeka ngenzuzo yokuthatha izakhi kalula zezitshalo, njengoba imisoco itholakala kalula oketshezini oluzungezile.

Kodwa-ke, ukuntuleka kokusekelwa kanye nokuzinza emithonjeni yezindaba esekelwe oketshezi ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ezitshalweni ezibuthakathaka. Ukuze banqobe lokhu, abalimi bangafaka ama-gelling agents, njenge-gelrite noma i-phytagel, ukuze bakhe indawo eqinile ehlinzeka ngokusekela okuthile.

Kubalulekile ukuqapha amazinga e-pH yendawo yokukhula njalo. Ibanga le-pH elifanele le-Philodendron tissue culture ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-5.5 no-6.5. Ukuchezuka kulobu bubanzi kungaba nomthelela omubi ekuthathweni kwezakhi kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo kukonke.

Izimo Ezilungile Zemvelo

Ukudala izimo ezifanele zemvelo kubalulekile ukuze kukhule kahle ama-Philodendron enziwe ngezicubu. Izici eziningana, ezihlanganisa ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, umswakama nomoya, zidlala indima ebalulekile.

1. Ukukhanya:

Ukukhanyisa okulungile kubalulekile kuma-Philodendron enziwe ngezicubu njengoba adinga ukukhanya okwanele kwe-photosynthesis. Nokho, ukukhanya okukhulu ngokweqile kungalimaza izitshalo ezintekenteke. Ukuhlinzeka ngomthombo wokukhanya ohlungiwe noma ohlakazekile kunconywa ukugwema noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile okwedlulele.

Ubude besikhathi sokuchayeka ekukhanyeni nakho kuyisici esibalulekile. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-Philodendron zikhula kahle emjikelezweni wokukhanya wamahora ayi-12 kuya kwayi-16. Ukusebenzisa izibani zokwenziwa, ezifana nezibani ze-fluorescent noma ze-LED, kungaqinisekisa izimo zokukhanya ezingaguquki nezilawulwayo.

2. Izinga lokushisa:

Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile kubalulekile ekukhuleni ngempumelelo kwama-Philodendron afuywa ngezicubu. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-Philodendron zithanda izinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-70°F no-85°F (21°C-29°C). Ukuchezuka okuncane kulobu bubanzi kungathinta ukukhula kwesitshalo namandla ayo wonke.

Kubalulekile ukugwema ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukucindezeleka ezitshalweni. Ukutshala imali ohlelweni oluthembekile lokulawula izinga lokushisa, njenge-thermostat noma izifudumezi, kungasiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile neliguquguqukayo ngaphakathi kwendawo ekhulayo.

3. Umswakama:

Amazinga aphezulu omswakamo abalulekile kusiko lwezicubu, njengoba esiza ekuvimbeleni ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokweqile ezitshalweni ngokuhwamuka. Khomba ibanga lokuswakama eliphakathi kuka-60% no-80% ukuze unikeze indawo ekhula kahle yama-Philodendron akhuliswe ngezicubu. Umswakama ungandiswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokusebenzisa isishisi noma ukubeka amathreyi amanzi eduze kwezitshalo.

Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukukhula kwesikhunta namagciwane, akhula kahle ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu. Kubalulekile ukulinganisa kahle phakathi komswakamo kanye nokungena komoya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okuhle ngaphandle kokukhuthaza izifo noma ukwakheka kwesikhunta.

Izidingo Zomsoco

Ama-Philodendron enziwe ngezicubu anezidingo ezithile zomsoco ukuze asekele ukukhula okunempilo nokuthuthuka. Nakuba ukwakheka okuqondile kwezakhi kungase kuhluke kuye ngohlobo nesigaba sokukhula, kunezimiso ezijwayelekile okufanele uzikhumbule.

1. Ama-macronutrients:

Ama-Macronutrients, okuhlanganisa i-nitrogen (N), i-phosphorus (P), ne-potassium (K), ibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwama-Philodendron akhiwe ngezicubu. I-nitrogen iyadingeka ekukhuleni kwamaqabunga nesiqu, i-phosphorus isekela ukukhula kwezimpande namandla ayo wonke, kanti i-potassium isiza empilweni yezitshalo jikelele kanye nokumelana nezifo.

Kubalulekile ukunikeza ibhalansi efanele yama-macronutrients ukuze ugweme ukushoda kwezakhi noma ubuthi. Ukufakwa komanyolo olinganiselayo, ohwebayo owakhelwe ngokukhethekile isiko lezicubu kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kwezakhi ezingaguquki.

2. Izakhamzimba ezincane:

Izakhamzimba ezincane ezifana ne-iron (Fe), i-manganese (Mn), i-zinc (Zn), nezinye, zidingeka ngamanani amancane kodwa zibalulekile ngokulinganayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo okufanelekile. Lawa ma-micronutrients adlala indima ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, okuhlanganisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme, i-photosynthesis, nokumelana nezifo.

Ukuqapha njalo amazinga e-micronutrient endaweni yokukhula kuyadingeka, njengoba ukushoda noma ukweqisa kungaholela ekukhuleni okuvimbile noma ubuthi bezakhi. Izifutho ze-Foliar noma umanyolo we-micronutrient olinganiselayo ungasetshenziswa ukulungisa noma yikuphi ukusilela.

Izinselelo Ezivamile kanye Nokuxazulula Izinkinga

Nakuba isiko lezicubu linikeza izinzuzo eziningi, kunezinselelo ezivamile abalimi abangahlangabezana nazo lapho bezama ukuzuza ukukhula okuhle kuma-Philodendron akhuliswe ngezicubu.

1. Ukungcola:

Ukugcina izimo eziyinyumba kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwezitshalo ezifuywa ngezicubu. Ukungcola kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa amagciwane emoyeni, izindlela zokuvala inzalo ezingafanele, noma imidiya yokukhula engcolile. Ukuqapha okuvamile, izimiso eziqinile zokuvala inzalo, kanye nokusebenzisa amathuluzi angenalutho neziqukathi kungasiza ekwehliseni ubungozi bokungcola.

2. Ukwakhiwa kweCallus:

Emasikweni ezicubu, ukwakheka kwe-callus kubhekisela ekwakhekeni kwezicubu ezingahlukanisiwe, ngokuvamile endaweni esikiwe noma elimele yesitshalo. Nakuba ukwakheka kwe-callus kuyingxenye evamile yesiko lezicubu, ukushaya ucingo ngokweqile kungakhinyabeza ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwesitshalo. Ukulungisa ukwakheka kwendawo yokukhula, ikakhulukazi ukugxila kwezilawuli zokukhula, kungasiza ukulawula ukwakheka kwe-callus.

3. Ukukhula Kancane:

Ngezinye izikhathi ama-Philodendron akhiwe ngezicubu angase abonise ukukhula kancane noma ahluleke ukuchuma. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukutholakala kwezakhi ezinganele, izimo zemvelo ezingafanele, noma izici zofuzo. Ukwenza ukuhlola okuvamile kwendawo yokukhula, imingcele yemvelo, kanye nempilo yezitshalo iyonke kungasiza ekuboneni izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi kuvumele ukulungiswa okufanele.

Sengiphetha, ukufeza ukukhula okuhle kuma-Philodendron akhuliswe ngezicubu kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ezicini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwendawo yokukhula, izimo zemvelo, kanye nezidingo zomsoco. Ngokuqonda lawa masu okunakekela kanye nokuxazulula izinselele ezivamile, abalimi bangaqinisekisa ukusabalala okuphumelelayo kwama-Philodendron akhiwe ngezicubu ezinempilo nezinamandla. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumlimi wezohwebo noma umshisekeli we-Philodendron, ukwazi ukulingana okuthambile kwesiko lezicubu kungaletha insada yezitshalo ezichumayo nezinhle eqoqweni lakho.