Ukuthi Izitshalo ZeSiko Lama-Tissue Ziguqula Kanjani Ukusakazwa Kwezitshalo Zokuhweba

Ikusasa Lokusakazwa Kwezitshalo

Izitshalo ze-tissue culture ziguqula indlela ukusakazwa kwezitshalo zentengiso okwenziwa emhlabeni wonke. Le ndlela yokusungula ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi kunezindlela zendabuko, iyenza ishintshe umdlalo ezimbonini zezolimo nezokutshala. Ngokusebenzisa isiko lamathishu ukuze basakaze izitshalo, abalimi bangakhiqiza izitshalo eziningi ezifanayo, ezingenazifo, kanye nezakhi zofuzo ngesikhathi esifushane. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi izitshalo zesiko lezicubu ziguqula kanjani ukusakazwa kwezitshalo zezentengiselwano nokuthi kungani lobu buchwepheshe buya buthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.

Isayensi Engemuva Kwezimila Zezicubu Zezicubu

Isiko lezicubu, elaziwa nangokuthi yi-micropropagation, libandakanya isiko le-aseptic lamaseli ezitshalo, izicubu, noma izitho endaweni yezakhi ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezilawulwayo. Inqubo iqala ngokukhetha isimila esifanelekayo, njengesiqeshana esincane seqabunga, isiqu, noma impande, esitshalweni esinikelayo. Isimila sibe sesivalwa inzalo ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe endaweni yezakhi eziqukethe izilawuli ezithile zokukhula kwezitshalo. Lezi zilawuli zishukumisa i-explant ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana amasha, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwenqwaba yamaseli angahlukanisiwe abizwa ngokuthi i-callus. Khona-ke i-callus ingahlukaniswa futhi ifakwe ngaphansi kwe-subcultured ukuze ikhiqize amahlumela nezimpande eziningi, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezitshalo eziphelele ezifana nesitshalo somnikeli.

Izitshalo ze-tissue culture zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana kunezindlela zendabuko zokusabalalisa izitshalo. Inzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile ikhono lokukhiqiza inani elikhulu lezitshalo esitshalweni esisodwa ngesikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kuphindaphinda okusheshayo kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni izinto zokutshala ezifanayo ukuze kukhiqizwe inzuzo. Ukwengeza, izitshalo zokukhiqiza izicubu azinawo amagciwane nokunye ukungcola, zinciphisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo futhi ziqinisekise umkhiqizo wokugcina onempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufana kwezakhi zofuzo zezitshalo zesiko lezicubu kuvumela abalimi ukuthi babikezele futhi bakhiqize izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinezici ezifiselekayo.

Izicelo of Tissue Culture Plants

Izitshalo ze-Tissue Culture zinezinhlelo eziningi ezisetshenziswayo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezolimo, ukulima, ukulima, amahlathi kanye ne-floriculture. Kwezolimo, isiko lamathishu lisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa izitshalo ezifana nobhanana, amazambane, nomoba, okuhlinzeka ngomthombo othembekile wezinto zokutshala ezingenazifo. Ku-horticulture, isiko lamathishu lisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izitshalo zokuhlobisa ngobuningi, njengama-orchid, ama-fern, nezitshalo ezidla inyama, ezimakethe zokulungisa umhlaba kanye nezimakethe. Ezamahlathi, isiko lezicubu liye lasetshenziswa ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kwandiswe izinhlobo zezihlahla ezisengozini, okuneqhaza emizamweni yokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ku-floriculture, isiko lezicubu lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo zezimbali ezintsha ezinemibala ehlukile kanye nokwakheka, okuhlinzekela okuthandwa ngabathengi embonini yezimbali.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zokukhiqiza izicubu kudlulela ngalé kokukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kuya ekucwaningeni nasekusebenziseni ukongiwa kwemvelo. Abacwaningi basebenzisa isiko lezicubu ukutadisha ukukhula kwezitshalo, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nesayensi yemvelo endaweni elawulwayo yaselabhorethri, okuvumela ukuhlolwa okunembayo nokubheka. Abalondolozi bemvelo basebenzisa isiko lezicubu ukuze basakaze izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingavamile nezisengozini, balondoloze ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo futhi bavimbele ukushabalala. Sekukonke, izitshalo zokukhiqiza izicubu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi lwesayensi nokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Izinselele kanye Neziqondiso Zesikhathi esizayo

Nakuba izitshalo ze-tissue Culture zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, nazo ziza nezinselele okudingeka zibhekwane nazo ukuze zifeze amandla azo aphelele. Enye inselele enkulu izindleko ezihilelekile ekumiseni nasekugcineni indawo yokukhiqiza izicubu, okungase kuvimbe kubalimi abasafufusa kanye namazwe asathuthuka. Ukwengeza, isimo sokusebenza kanzima kwesiko lamathishu sidinga ochwepheshe abanekhono ukwenza izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokunembile, bengezela izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufana kwezakhi zofuzo zezitshalo zesiko lezicubu kungazenza zibe sengcupheni yokucindezeleka kwemvelo nezifo, okudinga ucwaningo oluqhubekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwazo nokuvumelana nezimo.

Ukuqhubekela phambili, abacwaningi bahlola izindlela ezintsha zokunqoba lezi zinselele futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokusimama kwezitshalo zesiko lezicubu. Isiqondiso esisodwa esithembisayo ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zenkambiso yezicubu ezizenzakalelayo ezilula inqubo yokusabalalisa futhi zinciphise isidingo sokungenelela ngesandla. Ngokuhlanganisa amarobhothi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile, lezi zinhlelo zingathuthukisa ukunemba, ukwethembeka, kanye nokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwesiko lezicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko ku-biotechnology, njengokuhlela izakhi zofuzo kanye nokuzalanisa okusizwa umaka, kungasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kanye nokuqina kwezitshalo zokukhiqiza izicubu, kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yazo yesikhathi eside kwezolimo lwezohwebo nokuzalanisa izitshalo.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, izitshalo zokukhiqiza izicubu ziguqula ukusakazwa kwezitshalo ezithengiswayo ngokunikeza indlela ethembekile, ephumelelayo, neqhubekayo yokukhiqiza izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Lobu buchwepheshe bunohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezolimo, ukulima kwezitshalo, ezamahlathi, kanye ne-floriculture, okwenza abalimi bakwazi ukukhiqiza ngobuningi izitshalo ezingenazifo, ezihambisana nezakhi zofuzo ezinezici ezifiselekayo. Nakuba zikhona izinselele ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo zesiko lezicubu, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kunesithembiso sokunqoba lezi zithiyo kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili umkhakha wokusabalalisa izitshalo. Njengoba isidingo semikhiqizo esekwe ezitshalweni siqhubeka sikhula, izitshalo ezithuthukisa izicubu zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zomhlaba oshintsha ngokushesha. Ngokwamukela lobu buchwepheshe obuphambili, abalimi bangathuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwabo, inzuzo, kanye nokusimama kwemvelo eminyakeni ezayo.