Uzikhipha Kanjani Izitshalo Zamasiko?

Isingeniso

I-tissue culture, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-micropropagation, iyindlela emangalisayo esetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa nokutshala izitshalo endaweni elawulwayo. Kubandakanya ukuthatha isampula lethishu elincane esitshalweni esinikelayo bese ulibeka endaweni yokukhula elungiswe kahle. Le ndlela ivumela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziningi ezingenazo izifo kanye nezakhi zofuzo ezifanayo. Usiko lwezicubu lwezicubu luguqule umkhakha wesayensi yezitshalo futhi seluphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile lokongiwa nokusabalalisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingavamile nezisengozini.

Ukuqonda Isiko Lwezicubu

Isiko lezicubu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwezimo zemvelo, ukwakheka kwezakhi, namazinga amahomoni. Impumelelo yesiko lamathishu incike ekuqondeni izigaba ezahlukahlukene ezihilelekile futhi zenze ngokunembile. Ake sihlole inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yesiko lamathishu:

1. Ukukhethwa Kwesikhungo Sokunikela

Ukuqala isiko lezicubu, kubalulekile ukukhetha isitshalo esinempilo nesingenazifo. Isitshalo esinikelayo kufanele sibonise izici ezifiselekayo, njengezinga eliphezulu lokukhula, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, noma ukumelana nezifo ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla yezitshalo ayinazo amagciwane angase angcolise isiko.

Uma isitshalo esinikelayo sesikhethiwe, ingxenye encane yezicubu zesitshalo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-explant, ikhishwa ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aseptic. I-explant ingathathwa ezingxenyeni zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amaqabunga, iziqu, izimpande, noma imibungu. Ukukhethwa kwe-explant kuncike ohlotsheni lwesitshalo kanye nenjongo ethile yesiko lezicubu.

2. Ukwenziwa inzalo ebusweni

Ngemuva kokuthola ukukhishwa, kuyadingeka ukususa noma yikuphi ukungcola okungaphezulu, okufana namagciwane, isikhunta, noma amagciwane, okungase kuphazamise inqubo yesiko lezicubu. Ukwenziwa inzalo ebusweni ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezibulala-magciwane, okuhlanganisa i-bleach ne-ethanol. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa isiqalo esihlanzekile sokuqala isiko.

3. Ukulungiselela Okumaphakathi

Indawo efanelekile yokukhula ilungiselelwe ukunikeza izakhi ezidingekayo namahomoni ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamaseli akhulisiwe. Ukwakheka kwe-medium kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwezitshalo kanye nesiteji sesiko lezicubu. Imvamisa, okuphakathi kuqukethe ingxube kasawoti we-inorganic, ama-carbohydrate, amavithamini, nezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo.

Izilawuli zokukhula, njengama-auxins nama-cytokinins, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuhlukana nokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli. Bathonya ukwakheka kwamahlumela, izimpande, kanye ne-callus, okuyizingxenye eziyinhloko zesiko lezicubu.

4. Ukuqala Kwamasiko

Uma isitshalo sesifakwe inzalo, sifakwa endaweni yokukhula elungisiwe ukuze kuqalwe isiko. I-explant ibekwe esitsheni esingenalutho, njengesitsha se-petri noma ishubhu lokuhlola, futhi ivalwe ukuze kugcinwe indawo elawulwayo. Imikhumbi ye-culture ibe isifukanyelwa egumbini lokukhula elinokushisa okukhethekile, ukukhanya, kanye nezilungiselelo zomswakama.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo, amaseli asuka ku-explant aqala ukuhlukana futhi ande ukuze akhe inqwaba yamaseli angahlukanisiwe aziwa ngokuthi i-callus. Le callus ingasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amahlumela noma izimpande, kuye ngomphumela oyifunayo.

5. Ukuthuthuka kwePlantlet kanye Nokujwayelana

Ngemuva kokwakheka kwe-callus, ukuhlukanisa izicubu zibe izitshalo zezitshalo kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile. Le nqubo ihilela ukudlulisa ucingo noma amangqamuzana ngamanye endaweni yokukhula entsha ehlanganiswe namahomoni athile ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukwakheka kwehlumela noma impande.

Amahlumela noma izimpande ezitholwe kusiko lwezicubu zibe sezidluliselwa endaweni yokukhula enamazinga amahomoni ancishisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubude bawo kanye nokukhula zibe izimila eziphelele. Ama-plantlets agcinwa endaweni elawulwayo aze afinyelele esigabeni esifanele ukutshala emhlabathini.

Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, isiko lezicubu kuyindlela enamandla evumela ukukhiqizwa kwenani elingenamkhawulo lezitshalo ezifanayo kusuka esiqeshini esincane sethishu. Inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukongiwa kwezitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezingenazifo. Ngokulandela inqubo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo yesiko lezicubu, ososayensi nabashisekeli bezitshalo bangavula umhlaba wamathuba okusabalalisa izitshalo nocwaningo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulondoloza izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala noma ukuthuthukisa isivuno sezitshalo, isiko lezicubu liyaqhubeka linendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wesayensi yezitshalo.