Izindlela Ezintsha Zokukhulisa Izimila Zesiko Kwezicubu Ezitolo

Isingeniso

Izitshalo ze-Wholesale tissue culture ziya ngokuya zithandwa phakathi kwabalimi nabathandi bezitshalo. Isiko lezicubu kuyindlela yokusabalalisa ebandakanya ukukhula kwezitshalo kusuka kumasampula ezicubu ezincane endaweni elawulwayo. Le ndlela entsha inikeza izinzuzo eziningi kunezindlela zendabuko zokusabalalisa izitshalo, njengokukhula ngokushesha, izitshalo ezingenazo izifo, kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza izitshalo eziningi ezifanayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amanye amasu amasha kakhulu asetshenziselwa ukukhulisa izitshalo ze-wholesale tissue culture. Kusukela ezinyathelweni zokuqala zokukhetha isitshalo kuya kunqubo yokugcina yokujwayela, sizohlola ubunkimbinkimbi bokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zesiko lezicubu. Ngakho-ke, ake singene sijule emhlabeni wezitshalo zamasiko ezicubu.

Izinzuzo ze-Wholesale Tissue Culture Plants

Izitshalo ze-Tissue Culture zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi kubalimi, abadwebi bendawo, kanye nabathandi bezinto zokuzilibazisa ngokufanayo. Okokuqala, bavumela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bezitshalo ezinekhwalithi engaguquki kanye nezici. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi kuma-horticulturists nasezinkulisa ezidinga inani elikhulu lezitshalo ezifanayo ukuhlangabezana nesidingo samakhasimende.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ze-tissue culture azinazo izinambuzane, izifo, nama-pathogens. Ngenqubo yesiko lezicubu, izitshalo ziyafafazwa, okuqeda noma yimaphi amagciwane okungenzeka ukuthi ayekhona esitshalweni sokuqala. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zokukhiqiza izicubu ziphilile futhi ziqinile, zinciphisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali.

Enye inzuzo yezitshalo zesiko lezicubu yizinga lokukhula kwazo ngokushesha. Ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo efanelekile enezimo ezilawulwayo, izitshalo zesiko lezicubu zingakhula ngokushesha izikhathi eziyishumi kunezitshalo ezisatshalaliswa ngokwesiko. Lokhu kukhula okusheshayo kuvumela inzuzo esheshayo kanye nokukhiqiza okukhulayo kubalimi bezentengiselwano.

Ukukhethwa kwe-Explant and Sterilization

Ukuphumelela kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ze-tissue culture kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni ngokucophelela izitsha. Ama-explants amancane, amasampula ezicubu zezitshalo athathwa esitshalweni sikamama futhi asetshenziselwe ukuqalisa inqubo yesiko lezicubu. Ukukhetha izichasiselo ezifanele kubalulekile njengoba kunquma izinga lempumelelo kanye nekhwalithi yezitshalo ezisatshalalisiwe.

Lapho ukhetha ama-explants, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezinjengobudala besitshalo esingumama, impilo yesitshalo, kanye nezicubu ezithile okufanele zisetshenziswe. Imvamisa, indawo ephezulu yesitshalo, equkethe amaseli e-meristematic ahlukanisayo, ikhethwa ukusabalalisa isiko lezicubu.

Uma ama-explant esekhethiwe, enza inqubo yokuvala inzalo ukuze asuse noma yikuphi ukungcola okungaphezulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokucwilisa ama-explants esixazululweni sokuvala inzalo ngokuvamile esiqukethe inhlanganisela ye-bleach notshwala. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokuvala inzalo ayilimazi izitsha, njengoba ingase iphazamise ikhono lazo lokuvuselela nokukhula ku-vitro.

Culture Medium Ukulungiselela

Ngemva kokufakwa inzalo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ekukhiqizeni isitshalo se-tissue culture ukulungiselela isisetshenziswa se-culture. I-culture medium ijeli ecebile izakhamzimba noma uketshezi oluhlinzeka ngemisoco edingekayo, amavithamini, amahomoni, namaminerali ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo.

Ukwakheka kwendlela yesiko kungahluka kuye ngezidingo ezithile zezitshalo ezisatshalaliswayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izingxenye ezivamile ezitholakala emithonjeni eminingi yesiko, njengama-macronutrients (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium), i-micronutrients (i-iron, i-zinc, i-manganese), amavithamini (thiamine, i-riboflavin), nezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (auxins, cytokinins).

I-pH yendawo yesiko nayo ibalulekile futhi kufanele ilungiswe ngokucophelela ukuze kwakhiwe indawo efanele yokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngokuvamile, i-pH ene-acidic kancane ezungeze u-5.5 kuya ku-6.5 iyadingeka. Lolu hlu lwe-pH lukhuthaza ukutholwa kwezakhamzimba futhi lukhuthaze ukwanda kokukhiphayo.

Inoculation kanye Callus Induction

Uma izitsha sezifakwe inzalo futhi isiko selilungisiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukujova kwezitshalo endaweni yesiko. Le nqubo ihilela ukubeka ngokucophelela ama-explants phezu kwendawo yesiko ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aseptic.

Ngemuva kokujova, ama-explants athola isikhathi sokungeniswa kwe-callus. I-Callus iyinqwaba yamangqamuzana angahlukanisiwe akha kusukela ekukhishweni ekuphenduleni izakhi kanye namahomoni akhona endaweni yesiko. I-callus isebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokuvuselelwa kwezitshalo nokuphindaphinda.

Phakathi nesigaba sokungeniswa kwe-callus, kubalulekile ukuqapha ukukhula nempilo ye-explants. I-sub-culturing evamile ye-callus ingase idingeke ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula futhi kugcinwe ikhono lamaseli ukuvuselela zibe izitshalo eziphelele.

Shoot Ukuphindaphinda kanye Nezimpande

Ukulandela ukufakwa kwe-callus, inqubo yesiko lamathishu iyashintsha ukuze idubule ukuphindaphinda. Lokhu kuhilela ukudluliswa kwe-callus noma iseli ngalinye endaweni entsha yesiko eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukukhuthaza ukwakheka nokuphindaphinda kwehlumela.

Isigaba sokuphindaphinda kwehlumela sidinga ukuguqulwa ngokucophelela kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi ama-cytokinins. Ama-Cytokinin adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukwakheka kwehlumela kanye nokuvimbela ukukhula kwezimpande ngokweqile. Ngokulungisa ngokucophelela ukugcwala kwama-cytokinins endaweni yesiko, amahlumela amaningi angadonswa ekufakweni okukodwa.

Uma inani elanele lamahlumela selitholiwe, lingadluliselwa endaweni yokuhluma. I-rooting medium iqukethe inhlanganisela yezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi ama-auxins, akhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande.

Izimpande ziyisigaba esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo zesiko lezicubu, njengoba kunquma ikhono lezitshalo ukuze zijwayelane futhi ziphile lapho zidluliselwa endaweni yemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuguquka kusuka endaweni ye-in vitro kuya endaweni ye-ex vitro kumele kwenziwe kancane kancane ukuze kuncishiswe ukushaqeka kokufakelwa.

Ukujwayelana Kwezimila Zezicubu Zezicubu

Isigaba sokugcina ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo zethishu wukujwayelaniswa kwezitshalo endaweni yemvelo. Le nqubo ihilela ukudalula izitshalo kancane kancane emazingeni aphansi omswakama, ukwanda kokukhanya kokukhanya, kanye nokuba khona kokuhamba komoya.

Ngesikhathi se-acclimatization, kufanele kuqashelwe ngokucophelela amazinga omswakama kanye nokuvimbela izifo. Ama-plantlets aqale adluliselwe endaweni enomswakama ophezulu, njenge-greenhouse noma i-humidity room, ukuze kube lula uguquko. Kamuva, umswakama uyancipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuze kube yilapho izitshalo zikwazi ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezijwayelekile.

Kuyo yonke inqubo yokujwayela, kubalulekile ukuqapha impilo nokukhula kwezitshalo. Ukunisela okuvamile, ukuvundisa, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula izifo kufanele zisetshenziswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusungulwa ngempumelelo kwezitshalo zokukhiqiza izicubu endaweni yemvelo.

Isiphetho

Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ze-wholesale tissue culture kuncike ochungechungeni lwezindlela ezintsha ezibandakanya ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kokutshala, ukuvala inzalo, ukulungiselela okuphakathi kwesiko, ukufakwa kwe-callus, ukuphindaphinda kwehlumela, ukuqothula izimpande, kanye nokujwayela. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidlala indima ebalulekile empumelelweni nasezingeni lezitshalo ezikhiqiza izicubu zomzimba.

Izitshalo ze-Wholesale tissue culture zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwezitshalo ezivame ukusakazeka, okuhlanganisa ukukhula ngokushesha, ukukhiqizwa okungenazifo, kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza izitshalo eziningi ezifanayo. Lezi zinzuzo zenze izitshalo zamasiko ezicubu zaba ithuluzi elibalulekile labalimi bezentengiselwano, ama-nursery, kanye nama-horticulturists.

Sengiphetha, isiko lamathishu liguqule umhlaba wokusakazeka kwezitshalo, livumela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezinezici ezahlukahlukene. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko yocwaningo iqhubeka nokuvela, amasu empucuko yezicubu cishe azoshintsha kakhulu futhi asebenze kahle, akha ikusasa lokukhiqizwa nokutshalwa kwezitshalo.