Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Isiko Lezicubu Ekukhuliseni Izitshalo

Isingeniso:

Ingabe ukhathele ukubhekana nezindlela zendabuko zokusabalalisa nokukhula kwezitshalo? Isiko lezicubu kungase kube yisixazululo obukade usifuna. I-tissue culture, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-micropropagation, iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa izitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinyumba. Inikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa kunezindlela zendabuko zokusakazeka kwezitshalo, ikwenze kube ukukhetha okudumile kubalimi bezentengiselwano, abacwaningi, kanye nabathandi bezinto zokuzilibazisa ngokufanayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinzuzo zokusebenzisa isiko lezicubu ekukhuleni izitshalo nokuthi kungani kufanele ucabangele ukuhlanganisa le nqubo emisebenzini yakho yokutshala izitshalo.

Ukusebenza Kwengeziwe

Isiko lezicubu livumela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ngobuningi ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngokuhlakulela amaseli ezitshalo endaweni enomsoco, abalimi bangakhiqiza izinkulungwane zezitshalo ezifanayo ngesampula yethishu eyodwa encane. Leli zinga eliphezulu lokusebenza kahle lizuzisa kakhulu abalimi bezentengiselwano abafuna ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zabo ngokushesha futhi ngendlela engabizi kakhulu. Ukwengeza, isiko lezicubu zenza abalimi bakhule izitshalo unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezingqinamba zesizini. Lokhu kukhulisa ukukhiqiza okuphelele futhi kuqinisekisa ukunikezwa okungaguquki kwezitshalo ezithengiswayo noma izinjongo zocwaningo.

I-Genetic Uniformity

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zesiko lezicubu yikhono lokukhiqiza izitshalo ezifanayo ngofuzo ngezinga elikhulu. Izindlela zendabuko zokusabalalisa izitshalo, njengokuhluma kwembewu noma ukusakazeka kokusika, kungabangela ukuhlukahluka kwezici zezitshalo ngenxa yokuhluka kofuzo. Emasikweni ezicubu, izitshalo zitholakala esitshalweni somzali oyedwa, okuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inzalo iyafana ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kufana kwezakhi zofuzo kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe izici ezifiselekayo ezitshalweni, njengokumelana nezifo, izinga lokukhula, nombala wezimbali. Abacwaningi nabafuyi bangasebenzisa isiko lezicubu ukuze balondoloze futhi basakaze izinhlobo zezitshalo eziphakeme ezinezici ezithile, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo kanye nokusebenza.

Ukuphindaphindeka Okusheshayo Kwezitshalo

Enye inzuzo yesiko lamathishu izinga elisheshayo lokuphindaphindeka kwezitshalo elinikezayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko zokusabalalisa, njengokuhluma kwembewu noma ukusakazeka kokusika, isiko lezicubu livumela ukuphindaphinda ngokushesha kwezitshalo endaweni elawulwayo. Emasikweni ezicubu, izitshalo zingasakazwa ngesivinini esikhulu, ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza izitshalo ezintsha esikhathini esingamasonto. Leli zinga lokuphindaphinda ngokushesha lizuzisa kakhulu abalimi abafuna ukwandisa ngokushesha amaqoqo abo ezitshalo noma bakhiqize izitshalo eziningi ezisatshalaliswa. Ukwengeza, isiko lamathishu livumela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo okunzima ukuzisakaza ngezindlela zendabuko, kuthuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingatshalwa.

Izitshalo Ezingena Pathogen

Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zesiko lezicubu ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezingenalo i-pathogen. Izindlela ezivamile zokusakaza, njengokuhluma kwembewu noma ukusika ukusakazeka, zingethula amagciwane, amagciwane, nezifo ezitshalweni, zibeke impilo nokukhula kwazo engozini. Emasikweni ezicubu, izitshalo zitshalwa endaweni eyinyumba, engenakho ukungcola kwangaphandle okungalimaza impilo yezitshalo. Ngokuqala ngesiko lezicubu ezihlanzekile, abalimi bangakhiqiza izitshalo ezingenazo izifo ezinengozi ephansi yokutheleleka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubalimi bezentengiselwano abafuna ukugcina isitokwe sezitshalo esinempilo futhi bavikele ukusabalala kwezifo ezitshalweni zabo. Ukwengeza, isiko lezicubu livumela ukuqedwa kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane ezitshalweni ezithelelekile ngokusebenzisa amasu anjenge-meristem Culture, okuqinisekisa impilo kanye nekhwalithi yesitoko sezitshalo.

Ukulondolozwa Kwezilwane Ezisengozini

Ukuphila kwezicubu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozweni nasekulondolozeni izinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini yokushabalala. Njengoba ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu isongela ukuphila kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, isiko lezicubu linikeza indlela yokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo nokuqinisekisa ukuphila kwazo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Ngokugcina izicubu zezitshalo ebhange le-cryogenic noma ukuzisakaza ngokusebenzisa isiko lezicubu, abacwaningi nabalondolozi bemvelo bangavikela izilwane ezisengozini ekuqothulweni. Usiko lwezicubu luvumela futhi ukubuyiselwa kwezitshalo ezisengozini ezindaweni zazo zemvelo, kusize ukubuyisela imvelo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lo mzamo wokongiwa kwemvelo ubalulekile ekuvikeleni ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zeplanethi nokugcina ukulingana kwemvelo ukuze kuzuze zonke izinto eziphilayo isikhathi eside.

Isiphetho:

Sengiphetha, isiko lamathishu linikeza inhlobonhlobo yezinzuzo zokutshala izitshalo, okwenza kube indlela ebalulekile yokusabalalisa nokulondolozwa kwezitshalo. Kusukela ekukhuleni kokusebenza kahle kanye nokufana kofuzo kuya ekuphindaphindeni kwezitshalo ngokushesha kanye nezitshalo ezingenalo i-pathogen, isiko lezicubu linikeza abalimi ithuluzi elinamandla lokukhiqiza izitshalo ezinempilo, ezisezingeni eliphezulu endaweni elawulwayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumlimi wezohwebo ofuna ukukhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zakho noma umlondolozi wemvelo osebenzela ukulondoloza izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala, isiko lezicubu lingakusiza ukufeza izinhloso zakho zokukhulisa izitshalo. Ngokuhlanganisa isiko lezicubu ezenzweni zakho zokukhulisa izitshalo, ungajabulela izinzuzo zale ndlela yokusha futhi ube neqhaza ekulinyweni okusimeme nokongiwa kwezitshalo emhlabeni wonke.