Izitshalo Ezincane - Abakhiqizi Nabahlinzeki Bezimboni Ezithengisa Izicubu Esitolo Esitolo Esidayisa Izicubu.
I-Tissue Culture Philodendron: I-Revolutionizing Plant Propagation Izindlela
Isingeniso:
Emhlabeni wabathandi be-horticulture nezitshalo, kunesifiso esihlala sikhona sokuthuthukisa izindlela ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo zokusabalalisa izitshalo. Izindlela zendabuko zokusabalalisa izitshalo zivame ukubandakanya izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemiphumela engalindelekile. Nokho, ngenxa yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe nokucwaninga kwesayensi, kuye kwavela indlela eyisisekelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-tissue culture, eshintsha indlela izitshalo, njenge-Philodendron, ezisakazwa ngayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola inqubo yesiko lezicubu, izinzuzo zalo, namandla elinawo ngekusasa lokusakazeka kwezitshalo.
Isiko Lezicubu: Ukubuka Kafushane
Usiko lwezicubu, olukwaziwa nangokuthi yi-micropropagation, lubandakanya ukukhula nokuphindaphindeka kwamaseli esitshalo, izicubu, noma izitho endaweni yaselabhorethri elawulwayo. Inqubo iqala ngesampula elincane, elivame ukuthathwa ephuzwini noma esiqwini sesitshalo, bese lisakazwa ngokukhohliswa kwemidiya yezakhi, amahomoni, nezinye izici. Lokhu kushintshwa kwezicubu kuvumela ukukhula okusheshayo nokungaguquguquki, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo eziningi ezifanayo ngofuzo.
Indlela yesiko lezicubu yaqala ukuthuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1950 izazi zezitshalo ezazifuna ukuqonda ukuthi amangqamuzana ezitshalo aphindaphindeka futhi ahlukanise kanjani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubo yashintsha, yaba ithuluzi elibalulekile lokusatshalaliswa kwezitshalo zentengiso, ukongiwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kanye nezinjongo zocwaningo. Kulezi zinsuku, isiko lezicubu lisetshenziswa kabanzi ngabalimi bezitshalo, izinkulisa, nabaqoqi emhlabeni wonke, okubenza bakwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezinezici ezifiselekayo ngempumelelo nangempumelelo.
Izinzuzo Zokusakazwa Kwesiko Kwezicubu
Ukusakazwa kwesiko lezicubu kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile kunezindlela zendabuko zokusakaza. Lezi zinzuzo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kodwa futhi zinqoba imingcele eminingi ebikade ivimbela ukukhula kwezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo.
Isiko lezicubu livumela ukuphindaphindeka ngokushesha kwama-plantlets kusuka kusampula encane yokuqala. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko zokusakaza, isiko lezicubu lingakhiqiza izinkulungwane zezitshalo ngesikhathi esisodwa endaweni elinganiselwe. Leli khono lokukhiqiza ngobuningi lizuzisa izimboni zezolimo, njengoba liqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezingenazifo. Ukwengeza, isiko lezicubu linciphisa ubungozi bokudlulisa izinambuzane noma amagciwane angaba nomthelela empilweni yezitshalo.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ekusakazeni kwesiko lezicubu yikhono layo lokukhiqiza izitshalo zezitshalo ezifanayo ngofuzo. Ngokusebenzisa izimo zesiko, ososayensi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo ngasinye esivela kusiko lwezicubu sinezimpawu zofuzo ezifanayo njengesitshalo esingumzali. Lokhu kufana kwe-clonal kuyinzuzo ebalulekile kubalimi bezentengiselwano njengoba kuqinisekisa izici zezitshalo ezingaguquki, njengombala wembali, imikhuba yokukhula, nokumelana nezifo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo kunzima ukuzisakaza ngezindlela zendabuko ngenxa yokukhula kwazo okuncane, izinga lokukhula elihamba kancane, noma ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwezinto zezitshalo. Isiko lezicubu lifakazele ukuthi liyithuluzi elibalulekile ekusakazeni izitshalo ezinjalo. Ngokuthatha amasampula ezicubu ezincane, ngisho nakuma-specimens angajwayelekile, isiko lezicubu lingaveza izitshalo ezingenamkhawulo. Le ndlela iye yaba usizo ngokukhethekile ekulondolozeni nasekusakazeni izinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini yokushabalala noma ezisengozini.
Isiko lezicubu linikeza ithuba lokuqeda izifo zofuzo noma okungavamile okungenzeka kube khona esitshalweni esingumzali. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela izicubu zokuqala, ukutshala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinomsoco, futhi bahlole ukuhlolwa okuqinile, ososayensi bangaqinisekisa ukusabalala kwezitshalo ezingenazo izifo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekongiweni kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezibalulekile ezingase zibe sengozini yezifo noma iziyaluyalu ezithile.
I-tissue culture inikeza enye indlela yokusabalalisa izitshalo ezingadingi ukusetshenziswa kwembewu. Lokhu kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezibonisa ubunzima ekukhiqizeni imbewu noma lapho imbewu ingasebenzi kahle khona. Ukwengeza, isiko lezicubu lidlula ukuhlukahluka nokungaqiniseki okuhlobene nokuzalana ngokocansi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezingavamile noma eziyingqayizivele zingasakazwa kalula, okuholela ekwandiseni ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwamaqoqo e-horticultural.
Ikusasa Le-Tissue Culture kanye Nokusakazwa Kwezitshalo
Ukuthuthuka kwamasu okwenziwa kwezicubu kuvule amathuba amaningi ekusasa lokusatshalaliswa kwezitshalo. Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu ngebhayoloji yezitshalo kanye nokukhohlisa kwezakhi zofuzo kuqhubeka kukhula, ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwesiko lezicubu kungase kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwayo futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
Enye indawo enamandla amakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ngosikompilo lwezicubu. Ngokusebenzisa izimo zokukhula kanye nemithombo yezokudla, ososayensi bangakwazi ukuveza izici ezifiselekayo, njengokukhula kwesivuno, ukumelana nezifo okuthuthukisiwe, noma ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka okuthuthukisiwe, ezitshalweni zezitshalo. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla futhi kuqinisekise ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okuphezulu lapho kubhekene nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwanda kwabantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiko lezicubu lingadlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozweni kwezitshalo ezingavamile nezisengozini yokushabalala. Ngokusebenzisa amasu e-cryopreservation, izinto zezitshalo ezigcinwe kusiko lwezicubu zingagcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziphila isikhathi eside. Le nqubo ihlinzeka ngethuluzi elibalulekile lokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo zezitshalo ezisengozini futhi okungenzeka ziphinde zizibuyisele ezindaweni zazo zemvelo.
Sengiphetha, isiko lezicubu liye lashintsha insimu yokusabalalisa izitshalo. Ikhono layo lokukhiqiza izitshalo eziningi ngendlela ephumelelayo, ukugcina ukusimama kwezakhi zofuzo, nokusabalalisa izinhlobo eziyinselele zezitshalo liye layenza yaba ithuluzi eliyigugu lezolimo, ucwaningo, nokongiwa kwemvelo. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa okungase kube khona kwesiko lezicubu, kungenzeka sibone intuthuko ejabulisa kakhulu ezololonga ikusasa lokusakazeka kwezitshalo. Ngezinzuzo zayo eziningi kanye nezicelo ezingase zibe khona, isiko lezicubu limelela ngempela ingqopha-mlando yezitshalo ekusakazweni kwezitshalo.
. I-Foshan Yangplants ingumhlinzeki wezitshalo zamasiko wezicubu ezithengiswayo kanye nomkhiqizi e-China ngeminyaka eminingi. AmaYangplants ahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zePhilodendron, Alocasia, Caladium, Aglaonema, Diefffenbachia, Spathiphyllum, Calathea, Fern, Fittonia, Syngonium, Peperomia, Izitshalo Ezidliwayo, Dracaena, Ficus, kanye neSchefflera. I-Foshan Youngplants inethemba lobuqotho lokusebenza nabalimi, izinkulisa, amapulazi, abalimi, kanye namalebhu ukwethula nokuhlinzeka ngezilimo ezintsha ezengeziwe kubantu emhlabeni jikelele.