Iyini i-Totipotency ku-Plant Tissue Culture?

Iyini i-Totipotency In Plant Tissue Culture?

Isiko lezicubu zezitshalo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-micropropagation, iyindlela esetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo kanye ne-horticulture ukukhiqiza izitshalo ngezinga elikhulu. Ngale ndlela, izicubu zezitshalo noma amaseli angatshalwa ngaphandle kwendawo yawo yemvelo futhi asetshenziswe ukuze akhiqize izitshalo ezintsha. Enye yezimiso eziyisisekelo kusiko lwezicubu zezitshalo umqondo we-totipotency. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi i-totipotency isho ukuthini emasikweni ezicubu zezitshalo kanye nemiphumela yawo ekusakazweni kwezitshalo.

Ukuqonda i-Totipotency

I-Totipotency ibhekisela emandleni eseli elilodwa lesitshalo noma iqembu lamaseli ukuzala isitshalo sonke. Empeleni, wonke amangqamuzana aphilayo esitshalweni anamandla okuthuthuka abe into ephilayo ephelele futhi evuthiwe. Lesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo senza ososayensi bakwazi ukukhiqiza inani elingenamkhawulo lezitshalo ezifanayo ngofuzo ngesiqephu esincane sethishu, njengeqabunga noma ithiphu lehlumela.

Ngaphakathi kwesitshalo, i-totipotency igcinwa amaseli angahlukanisiwe aziwa ngokuthi amaseli e-meristematic. La mangqamuzana anekhono lokuhlukanisa futhi ahlukanise abe amangqamuzana akhethekile, angase akhe zonke izinhlobo zezicubu ezitholakala esitshalweni, okuhlanganisa izimpande, amaqabunga, iziqu, nezimbali. Isihluthulelo sokusebenzisa le mvelo ye-totipotent usekudaleni izimo ezifanele ukuze amangqamuzana e-meristematic achume futhi ande.

Inqubo ye-Totipotency ku-Plant Tissue Culture

Isiko lezicubu zezitshalo liqala ngokukhetha isimila esifanele, okuwucezu oluncane lwezicubu zezitshalo ezizosetshenziswa ukuqalisa isiko. Izichasiselo ezivamile zihlanganisa amathiphu okuthwebula, izigaba zamaqabunga, ama-axillary buds, noma amaseli awodwa. Lawa ma-explant ajwayele ukuvalwa amagciwane ukuze asuse noma yikuphi ukungcola okungaphezulu bese afakwa endaweni enomsoco.

Isizinda somsoco siqukethe ama-macronutrients abalulekile, ama-micronutrients, amavithamini, nezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo. Izilawuli zokukhula, njengama-auxins nama-cytokinin, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekucupheni izimpendulo zamaselula, okuhlanganisa nokuhlukana kwamaseli, ukunwetshwa kwamangqamuzana, nokwakheka kwezicubu ezintsha. Ngokulawula ukugxila kwalezi zilawuli phakathi nendawo, ososayensi bangaqondisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwamaseli akhulisiwe.

Uma i-explant ibekwe endaweni ephakathi, ingena esigabeni esibizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokungeniswa. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, amangqamuzana e-totipotent ngaphakathi kwe-explant aqala ukuhlukana futhi akhe inqwaba yamaseli abizwa ngokuthi i-callus. I-callus ingabhekwa njengeqembu lamaseli angahlukanisiwe agcina imvelo yawo ye-totipotent.

Ukwethulwa kanye Nokwanda Kwamaseli e-Totipotent

I-callus eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sesigaba sokungeniswa isebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokukhiqiza izitshalo ezintsha ngokusebenzisa isiko lezicubu. Kuye ngezinjongo zokuhlolwa okuthile noma inqubo yokusabalalisa, izindlela ezihlukene zingathathwa ukuze kutholwe futhi kwandiswe amaseli e-totipotent.

Enye indlela ihilela ukuxhaphaza ibhalansi ye-hormonal endaweni yezakhi. Ngokuhlinzeka ngezinhlanganisela ezithile kanye nokugxila kwezilawuli zokukhula, ososayensi bangakhuthaza ukukhula kwezicubu ezithile noma izitho ezithile. Isibonelo, isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-cytokinin kuma-auxins sikhuthaza ukwakheka kwehlumela, kuyilapho isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-auxins kuma-cytokinins sithanda ukwakheka kwezimpande.

Enye indlela ukusebenzisa izici ze-biotic kanye ne-abiotic ukuvuselela i-totipotency. Izici ze-Biotic zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni ezitshalo akhiqizwa isikhunta, aziwa ngokuthi ama-elicitors, noma ukutshalwa ndawonye nezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane. Izici ze-Abiotic, njengokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, noma ingcindezi ye-osmotic, nazo zingabangela ukufakwa kwamaseli e-totipotent.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela esetshenziselwa ukufaka i-totipotency, i-callus idinga ukufakwa njalo ngaphansi kwemithombo yezondlo ezintsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwayo okuqhubekayo nokwanda. Ngokuphindaphinda kwe-subculturing, amaseli e-totipotent angaphindaphindeka ngokushesha, okuholela enanini elikhulayo lamaseli asebenzayo ukuze asetshenziswe okwengeziwe.

Umehluko kanye Nokuvuselelwa Kwezitshalo Ezintsha

Lapho sekutholakele inqwaba eyanele yamaseli e-totipotent, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuqala ukuhlukaniswa nokuvuselelwa kwezitshalo ezintsha. Lesi sigaba sidinga inhlanganisela elinganiselwe ngokucophelela yezilawuli zokukhula kanye nezinkomba zemvelo ukuze ziqondise amaseli ezicutshini ezikhethekile.

Ngokulungisa ukugxiliswa kwezilawuli zokukhula, abacwaningi benkambiso yezicubu zezitshalo bangakhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimpande, amahlumela, noma imibungu ye-somatic. Imibungu yeSomatic imibungu ekhula isuka kumaseli angazalani futhi ingadala izitshalo eziphelele. Uma lezi zakhiwo eziyisipesheli zakhiwe, zingadluliselwa endaweni ehlukile yezakhi, elungiselelwe ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo.

Esigabeni sokugcina sesiko lezicubu zezitshalo, izitshalo ezivuselelwe kabusha noma izitshalo zidluliselwa endaweni elawulwayo yemikhumbi yesiko futhi zijwayelane nezimo zemvelo. Le nqubo ihilela ukudalula izitshalo kancane kancane ezintweni zangaphandle ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, nokwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukuqinisa ukujwayela kwazo nokuzilungiselela ukufakelwa ensimini noma engadini.

Izicelo ze-Totipotency ku-Plant Tissue Culture

Umqondo we-totipotency kusiko lwezicubu zezitshalo uye waguqula ezolimo kanye ne-horticulture. Ivumela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwezitshalo ezingenazo izifo nezifana ngofuzo, okuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi emikhakheni eyahlukene.

Ukusatshalaliswa Kwezinhlobo Ezingavamile Nezisengozini: I-Totipotency yenza ukongiwa nokusakazeka kwezitshalo ezingavamile nezisengozini yokushabalala. Ngokusebenzisa amasu amasiko ezicubu, ososayensi bangasakaza futhi balondoloze lezi zinhlobo ngaphandle kokulimaza izindawo zazo zemvelo.

Ukuzalanisa Izitshalo: I-Totipotency isiza ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezintsha nezithuthukisiwe. Ngokukhohlisa izakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana e-totipotent ngokusebenzisa amasu anjengobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo noma i-somatic hybridization, ososayensi bangakwazi ukwethula izici ezifiselekayo, ezinjengokumelana nezifo noma isivuno esikhulayo, ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhona.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwezitshalo Zokwelapha: Isiko lezicubu lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izitshalo zokwelapha. Ngokusebenzisa i-totipotency, inani elikhulu lama-metabolites esibili abalulekile, njengama-alkaloids noma ama-flavonoid, angahlanganiswa kusuka kumaseli ezitshalo akhulisiwe. Lokhu kunikeza umthombo oqhubekayo wezinhlanganisela zokwelapha futhi kunciphisa ingcindezi emithonjeni yemvelo.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezitshalo: Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izitshalo zincike kakhulu kumqondo we-totipotency. Ngokukhetha izitshalo ezingcono kakhulu nokusebenzisa amasu okukhiqiza izicubu ukuze bazisakaze futhi andise, abalimi bangathuthukisa isivuno sezitshalo, ukufana, nokumelana nezinambuzane nezifo.

Ucwaningo Nezemfundo: Imvelo eqinile yamaseli ezitshalo iwenza abe amathuluzi abalulekile ocwaningo nemfundo. Ososayensi bangacwaninga imiphumela yokuguqulwa kofuzo, izici zemvelo, nezilawuli zokukhula ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo. Ukwengeza, izivivinyo zesiko lezicubu zinikeza amathuba okufunda ngezandla ukuze abafundi baqonde i-physiology yezitshalo nezindlela zokusatshalaliswa.

Isiphetho

I-Totipotency iyisici esibalulekile sosiko lwezicubu zezitshalo, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziningi ezifanayo ngokwezakhi zofuzo kusuka kusicucu esincane. Lo mqondo usuguqule ukukhula kwezitshalo, okwenza ukuthi kukhiqizwe izitshalo eziningi ezingenazifo nezisezingeni eliphezulu. Abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokuhlola kanye nokwandisa amasu amasiko ezicubu ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle nempumelelo yokusakazeka kwezitshalo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-totipotency kusiko lezicubu zezitshalo kunesithembiso esikhulu sezolimo esimeme, ukongiwa kwemvelo, kanye ne-biotechnology.