Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi Yezitshalo Zesiko Kwezicubu

Isiko lezicubu kuyindlela ebalulekile yesayensi yempilo ngoba ivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bahlukanise amaseli futhi bawahlole ngezinjongo ezithile. Isiko lezicubu kube yindawo ewusizo yocwaningo oluhlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Kodwa ake sigxile endaweni ethile yesiko lezicubu eyaziwa ngokuthi isiko lezicubu zezitshalo. Isiko lezicubu zezitshalo ukukhula kwamaseli esitshalo afanayo, izicubu, noma izitho zobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphansi kwemvelo eyinyumba kanye nezimo zomzimba ezilawulekayo. Leli ithuluzi elidumile labacwaningi nabasebenzisi bezentengiselwano ngokufanayo.

Ukusakazwa kwezitshalo yikhono lokwenza izitshalo ezintsha ngokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezikhona. Abantu abaningi babheka ukusakazeka njengokuhlukanisa izitshalo noma ukubeka amaqabunga emanzini noma emhlabathini; kodwa-ke, uhlobo oluvamile lokusabalalisa isiko lezicubu. Kodwa yini isiko lamathishu? Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-micropropagation, lokhu ukwenza izitshalo ezintsha kumidiya yezakhi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aseptic. Phakathi nenqubo yesiko lezicubu, amaqabunga amaqabunga, ama-buds, nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zesitshalo zingakhula zibe i-clone ephelele yesitshalo sikamama. Izibonelo ezivamile zezitshalo zamasiko zihlanganisa ama-orchid. Kubalulekile ukwenza isiko lezicubu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aseptic ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta emithonjeni yezakhi. Lokhu kungenye yezinkathazo eziyinhloko zabalimi abenza isiko lezicubu ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlela ukwenza isiko lezicubu ekhaya, kungcono ukuvala inzalo yezitshalo namathuluzi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi sihloko sigxile kakhulu ekuhloleni izinzuzo nezingozi zezitshalo ze-tissue culture .

Izinzuzo zezitshalo ze-Tissue Culture

• I-Micropropagation

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-micropropagation iyindlela yesiko lezicubu esiza ukukhiqiza izitshalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuzalanisa ngokobulili noma zokwakheka kwembewu. Izitshalo ezisanda kukhiqizwa azihlukanisiwe ngokofuzo kubazali bazo futhi zaziwa ngokuthi ama-clone. I-Micropropagation yenziwa ngokujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa ukusikwa, ukuhluma, ukuxhunyelelwa, ama-corms, izilimo eziyizigaxa, noma ezinye izitshalo zezitshalo. Nakuba lezi zindlela ezivamile zihilela ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yomzimba kanye nezimo zemvelo, izinga lempumelelo yazo ngokuvamile liphansi. I-Micropropagation iwusizo ngoba ayibandakanyi ukusebenza ngokomzimba futhi yenziwa endaweni elawulwayo. Le nqubo iphinde iholele ekukhiqizeni izitshalo eziningi ngesikhathi esincane noma esingekho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-micropropagation yenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezilawulwayo, ayincikile ngenkathi.

• Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ezingenamagciwane

Imvamisa, izitshalo zezitshalo ziyathinteka amagciwane okuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu komlimi ngokwesivuno. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kuyinkinga ebucayi ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezisatshalaliswa ngokwemvelo, ngoba kuzolimaza zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezikhuliswayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezingenalo igciwane ukuze isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezitshalo ezisatshalaliswa yi-vegetatively kunganciphi. Ngokumangalisayo, amagciwane asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umzimba wesitshalo. Izingxenye zesitshalo ezingenawo amagciwane zihlanganisa ama-apical noma ama-axillary meristems. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye encane kakhulu yama-apical meristems ingasebenza njenge-explant ukuze ivuse amasiko ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezingenalo igciwane. Impumelelo yale ndlela ayinakuqhathaniswa njengoba iye yasetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni izitshalo ezisakazwayo, njengomoba, ubhanana namazambane.

• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-metabolites yesibili

Izitshalo zivame ukukhiqiza izinhlanganisela eziningi kanti ezinye zalezi zinhlanganisela azihloselwe ukuthi ziphile, zisiza ekuxhumaneni kwesitshalo nendawo ezungezile. Lezi zinhlanganisela zaziwa njengama-metabolites esibili. Lezi zinhlanganisela zisebenza ukuvikela isitshalo ezimweni ze-biotic kanye ne-abiotic stress. Abalimi bangasebenzisa amaseli ezitshalo noma amasiko asekelwe kuzicubu njengomthombo wama-metabolites esibili. Uhlelo lwempande olunoboya lukhiqiza ama-metabolite esibili aphezulu angaba wusizo ezimbonini zezohwebo.

Ukubi kwezitshalo ze-Tissue Culture

• Izindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza

Isiko lezicubu ngeke lenzeke ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile nabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kahle. Wonke la mathuluzi ayabiza okungeyena wonke umlimi ongakwazi ukuwathenga. Ngakho, abalimi abancane kanye nabalimi bezitshalo bathola ubunzima ekwenzeni isiko lezicubu.

• Iphutha lokuzivumelanisa nezimo

Izitshalo ezikhiqiza izicubu zingase zithole ubunzima ekuzivumelaniseni nezwe langaphandle. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kubalimi uma izitshalo ezisanda kutholwa zingakwazi ukuphila ezimweni zangaphandle.

Isiphetho

Njengamanje sesiyazi ukuthi inqubo yesiko lezicubu ivumela ukukhula nokufundwa kwamaseli noma izicubu endaweni eyinyumba. Ngokwazi izinzuzo nezingozi zezitshalo ezifuywa ngezicubu , uba nolwazi olunzulu ngalokho okufanele ukwenze nokungafanele ukwenze uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni lobu buchwepheshe.